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Should an inflation-targeting central bank have an explicit tolerance band around its inflation target? This paper provides an answer derived from the Swedish experience. The Riksbank is exceptional in the sense that it first adopted and later abolished an explicit band and is currently considering bringing it back. We conclude that the band should be explicit for several reasons. Most important, Should an inflation-targeting central bank have an explicit tolerance band around its inflation target? This paper provides an answer derived from the Swedish experience. The Riksbank is exceptional in the sense that it first adopted and later abolished an explicit band and is currently considering bringing it back. We conclude that the band should be explicit for several reasons. Most important,

Background: Chronic non-healing wounds present a substantial economic burden to healthcare system; significant reductions in quality of life for those affected, and precede often serious events such as limp amputations or even premature deaths. This burden is also likely to increase with a larger proportion of elderly and increasing prevalence of life-style diseases such as obesity and diabetes. R

Using a standard model where the individual consumption path is computed solving an optimal control problem, we investigate central claims of Piketty (2014) Rather than r>g (confirmed in the data) r-s>g - with s being the rate of time preference - matters. If this condition holds and the elasticity of substitution in the production function is larger than one, the capital share converges to one in

Good communication is of utmost importance in all forms of cancer care and especially so in the palliative context. To render the ungraspable graspable, metaphors are frequently used drawing on their capacity to capture the intangible in terms of more familiar experiences. For instance, to die from cancer can be described as ’coming to the end of a life journey’ or ’losing a battle’. Metaphors are

In Parkinson’s disease, long-term dopamine replacement therapy is complicated by the appearance of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). One major hypothesis is that LID results from an aberrant transcriptional program in striatal neurons induced by l-DOPA and triggered by the activation of ERK. To identify these genes, we performed transcriptome analyses in the striatum in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned m

In advanced Parkinson's disease, l-DOPA treatment causes the appearance of abnormal involuntary movements or l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). LID results in part from l-DOPA-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the dopamine-denervated striatum. Activated ERK triggers nuclear responses, including phosphorylation of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1

Although l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) remains the reference treatment of Parkinson's disease, its long-term beneficial effects are hindered by l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). In the dopamine (DA)-denervated striatum, l-DOPA activates DA D1 receptor (D1R) signaling, including cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), two responses associated wi

Activation of dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) has been shown to induce epileptiform activity. We studied the molecular changes occurring in the hippocampus in response to the administration of the D1-type receptor agonist, SKF 81297. SKF 81297 at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg induced behavioural seizures. Electrophysiological recordings in the dentate gyrus revealed the presence of epileptiform discharges peakin

Aquaporin-mediated water transport across cellular membranes is an ancient, ubiquitous mechanism within cell biology. This family of integral membrane proteins includes both water selective pores (aquaporins) and transport facilitators of other small molecules such as glycerol and urea (aquaglyceroporins). Eukaryotic aquaporins are frequently regulated post-translationally by gating, whereby the r

The ability to form long-term memories exists very early during ontogeny; however, the properties of early memory processes, brain structures involved and underlying cellular mechanisms are poorly defined. Here, we examine the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK signaling cascade, which is crucial for adult memory, in the consol

In the dopamine-depleted striatum, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling is implicated in the development of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. To gain insights on its role in this disorder, we examined the effects of l-DOPA on the state of phosphorylation of ERK and downstream target proteins in striatopallidal and striatonigral medium spiny neurons (MSNs). For this purpose, we employed m

The staphylococcal enterotoxin H (SEH; 217 aa, 25 kD) belongs to a family of superantigens that cause a massive immune response upon simultaneous binding to the T cell receptor (TCR) and the major histocompatibility complex class II. The SEH-TCR interaction is weak and amenable to studies using NMR methodology. Essentially, 2 mg of U{2H, 13C,15N}-labeled SEH was used for the complete sequential ba

Aquaporins are transmembrane proteins that facilitate the flow of water through cellular membranes. An unusual characteristic of yeast aquaporins is that they frequently contain an extended N terminus of unknown function. Here we present the X-ray structure of the yeast aquaporin Aqy1 from Pichia pastoris at 1.15 Å resolution. Our crystal structure reveals that the water channel is closed by the N

The existing research often overlooks the fact that accommodation sharing is not a homogeneous sector but comprises rental, reciprocal and free platforms. This paper aims to compare sustainability narratives held by operators and users of the three platform types with the narratives identified in the literature. First, drawing on framing theory, environmental, economic and social framings of accom

Leadership is important. Management is important. However, leadership and management is not the same thing, in fact they are fundamentally different. In a cross disciplinary master programme named Technology Management at Lund University, Sweden, the students are given opportunities to study and learn management, however, what makes the program unique is its profound focus on leadership. The Techn

Today, innovation and entrepreneurship are key words for many universities, as it constitutes an important part of most universities’ public and scientific outreach task. Universities are striving to increase the number of innovations and entrepreneurs generated by the university. Teaching and learning entrepreneurship is therefore of importance and schools, colleges and universities can play an i

The anations of Pt(H2O)42+ and PtX(H2O)3+ (to trans-PtX(H2O)2) by X− = Cl−, Br−, I− and SCN− and the anation of trans-PtX2(H2O)2) by X− = Cl−, Br− and I− have been studied at 25 °C and 1.00 M perchlorate medium using both stopped-flow and conventional spectrophotometry. For large excess of X−, PtX42− is formed according to the mechanism in Figure 1. The results indicate an entering ligand order ofThe anations of Pt(H2O)42+ and PtX(H2O)3+ (to trans-PtX(H2O)2) by X− = Cl−, Br−, I− and SCN− and the anation of trans-PtX2(H2O)2) by X− = Cl−, Br− and I− have been studied at 25 °C and 1.00 M perchlorate medium using both stopped-flow and conventional spectrophotometry. For large excess of X−, PtX42− is formed according to the mechanism in Figure 1. The results indicate an entering ligand order of

The integration of scheduling and control has been discussed in the past. While constructing an integrated plant model that may still seem out of reach, scheduling and control systems are increasingly more intertwined. We argue that they are in fact already integrated and give the example of two key performance indicators (KPIs) that are defined in the recent international standard ISO 22400. The