To better understand the historical gender wage gap, we investigate the wages of Swedish compositors circa 1900 using a rich data set of matched employer-employee information with national coverage. In line with previous findings, women earned about 70 percent of men’s wages on average. Individual and job characteristics explain much of this shortfall. Firm characteristics or firm fixed effects, o

De flesta källor vi har bevarade från antiken är skrivna av och för män. Men i Maria Magdalenas evangelium – som här för första gången publiceras i svensk översättning – är hjälten en kvinna. I denna tidigkristna skrift från 100-talet uppenbarar sig Jesus för Maria Magdalena och erbjuder henne hemlig kunskap. Maria är särskilt utvald för sin andliga förmåga och får förklara för de andra lärjungarn

Since the turn of the Millennium, there have been extensive debates on the relationship between the European Union (EU) and civil society. EU institutions have tended to regard associations and organizations of civil society as way to counterbalance the EU’s democratic deficit and/or as a means to foster effective implementation of policies. Much research has accordingly analysed how EU discourses

The contacts of single carbon nanotubes and bundles of carbon nanotubes with superconducting and metallic electrodes are investigated in order to create bolometers and electron coolers. Tunneling contacts of the carbon nanotubes with aluminum electrodes are obtained. The current-voltage characteristics of junctions are analyzed for temperatures from room temperature to 300 mK. The resistance of in

We introduce a time adaptive multirate method based on the Dirichlet-Neumann waveform relaxation (DNWR) algorithm for the simulation of two coupled linear heat equations with strong jumps in the material coefficients across the interface. Numerical results are included to illustrate the advantages of the time adaptive approach over the multirate approach and the robustness of the multirate DNWR me

The synthesis of a new unsymmetrical PCN ligand bearing tert-butyl groups on the phosphorus atom and isopropyl groups on the nitrogen donor atom is presented. It reacts with the commercially available Ni(DME)Br2 precursor to offer the corresponding t-BuPCNi-Pr pincer nickel bromide complex 1 together with a paramagnetic species, which was characterized as a tetrahedral nickel complex. Complex 1 re

The emergence of financial institutions such as the exchanges or bourses of northern Europe in the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries made possible the emergence of speculation in financial instruments. Speculation evolved into a game with its own logic, and the implied ethos of the speculator prioritised abstract notions and self-interest.This article investigates the relation between this e

Repair of injured peripheral nerve trunks in the hand and upper extremity still represents one of the most challenging surgical constructive problems. In adults, discriminative sensory functions of the hand do not usually recover despite use of microsurgical repair techniques. A major reason for the imperfect outcome is the pronounced functional cortical reorganizations that occur after nerve inju

The increased survival in malignant cutaneous melanoma (melanoma) is probably due to early diagnosis combined with improved treatment most recently. National health campaigns and screening programs for melanoma detection were started in Sweden several decades ago. We want to assess the influence of tumor characteristics, based on the TNM classification, and of second primary cancers on overall sur

Background: Long term β-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction (MI) reduces mortality and recurrent MI but evidence for this treatment predates contemporary acute coronary care. β-blocker treatment is a key quality of care indicator in the Swedish national quality register for acute coronary care, Riks-HIA. Between 2011 and 2015 a declining number of MI-patients discharged with a β-blocker fr

Background: Although the prevalence of kidney disease is higher in those with reduced lung function, the longitudinal relationship between low lung function and future risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been widely explored. Methods: Baseline lung function was assessed in 20,700 men and 7325 women from 1974 to 1992. Mean age was 43.4 (±6.6) and 47.5 (±7.9) for men and women respectively.

We consider the role of electric fields during metal-catalysed thermal chemical vapour deposition growth of carbon nanotubes and show that enhanced growth occurs from a negatively biased electrode. An electric field, applied externally to the growing tubes and/or generated as a result of electron emission or self-biasing, may strongly affect the carbon supply through the catalyst nanoparticle, enh