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Sum rules and physical bounds in electromagnetic theory

Sum rules are useful in many branches of physics and engineering as they relate all spectrum parameter values with their asymptotic expansions. Properties of the dynamic response can hence be inferred by the, in many cases much simpler, static response. This has e.g., been used for lossless matching networks, radar absorbers, extinction cross section, partial realized gain of antennas, high-impeda

Antennas and Propagation for the Ear-to-Ear Propagation Channel for Binaural Hearing Aids

We have investigated the possibility of using the 2.45 GHz ISM band for communication between binaural hearing aids. The preliminary investigations were done by FDTD simulations on a modified SAM phantom head, where we have included a simple model of the ear canal. Two different types of hearing aid placements have been investigated: in the outer ear and in the ear canal. Antennas which have been

Discussion of "2-D Finite Element analysis of Massive RC Structures"

Nonlinear analysis of concrete structures using finite elements is discussed. The applications include a thick-walled top-closure for a pressure vessel as well as the delicate problems of beams failing in shear. The top-closure analysis evaluates the effect of two different failure criteria and modeling of a realistic post-failure behavior is demonstrated to be mandatory for accurate structural pr

Experimental Studies on Particle Emissions from Grate Fired Biomass Combustion Boilers

Fine particle emissions were measured at two commercial grate fired boilers operating on moist fuel residues. The aim of this study was to characterize fine particle emissions with a view to pinpoint parameters influencing the emissions. Additionally effectiveness of used flue gas cleaning techniques was assessed. The results show that large quantities of fine particles are emitted to the atmosphe