In the fourth century B.C., Athenians were often accused of avoiding their civic obligations and of concealing their wealth.1 These attested cases show that economic behaviour in classical Athens could be affected by taxation. The purpose of the present study is to systematically explore the economic incentives resulting from the taxation of wealth. The first issue is the effects of the property t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Lignin är ett biobränsle som kan extraheras från sulfatmassaindustrins koklutar (svartlut). Lignin kan även användas som specialkemikalie. Massaindustrin har därmed tillgång till en än så länge outnyttjad källa för inkomster. Dessutom kan ligninuttag leda till processförbättringar under kokning och blekning av pappersmassan. I det här arbetet har ligninuttag med keramiLignin is a potential biofuel which can be extracted from kraft cooking liquor. Lignin can also prove valuable as a speciality chemical. By extracting lignin potential economical revenue can be gained by pulp mills, as well as technical benefits such as easier delignification and bleaching. The subject of this work was the extraction of lignin from kraft cooking liquor using ceramic ultrafiltrati

Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079 is the producer of a novel bacteriocin termed acidocin D20079. In this paper, mode of action using three various concentrations of acidocin D20079 (2,048, 128 and 11.3 AU/ml) was determined against an indicator strain L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis DSM 20076. These concentrations all led to marked decreases in both the number of viable cells and in optical density

A multicenter, open-label, randomized efficacy and safety study was performed with combined human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (recFSH) (Puregon(R)) treatment to induce spermatogenesis in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal male patients. Patients were pretreated for 16 weeks with hCG to normalize testosterone levels. A total of 30 of 49 (61%) subjects had nor

The entity sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and situs inversus is since long named Kartagener syndrome. Nowadays the designation used is primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), which implies cilia with decreased or total absence of motility, which may result in sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and male infertility. A large number of deficiencies detectable on the ultrastructural level give rise

Popular Abstract in Swedish Detta projekt fokuserar på hur man på bästa sätt bestämmer kloridprofiler i marina betongkonstruktioner. När borrmjöl från provtagning på marina betongkonstruktioner analyseras, är det inte ovanligt att de olika kloridprofilerna varierar oerhört mycket även om provtagningspunkterna ligger mycket nära varandra inom ett område med till synes homogen betong. Syftet med proThis project focuses on how to determine the chloride content in concrete structures exposed to marine environment in an accurate way. When analyzing dust from dry drilling in concrete, it is very often a fact that the chloride profiles show extensive variations even if the sampling has been performed within a very concentrated area with the sampling points close to each other. Several authors hav

In this article we analyze what has been achieved by the introduction of the euro in terms of macroeconomic convergence and leveling of competitive conditions among the EMU member countries. In particular, has the convergence in nominal exchange rates resulted in divergence in real exchange and interest rates? And how has Finland fared relative to the EMU members? The answer is that real exchange

BACKGROUND: Paraesophageal hernias are quite common and sometimes feared due to the risk of incarceration and strangulation of any herniated organ. The hereby reported combination of an incarcerated paraesophageal hernia containing a perforated peptic ulcer is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: An elderly man with multiple medical conditions was admitted due to severe upper abdominal pain. The pat

This paper describes a nonlinear dynamic model for natural circulation drum-boilers. The nonlinear model which is intended for model based control focuses on the complicated dynamics ofthe drum, downcomer, and riser components. A strong effort has been made to strike a balance between fidelity and simplicity. The model is derived from first principles, and is characterized by a few physical parame

Capsule Iberian Chiffchaffs Phylloscopus (collybita) brehmii are genetically, morphologically and bioacoustically different from European Chiffchaffs (P [c.] collybita). Aim To examine the difference in migratory pattern between brehmii and collybita. Methods We inferred variation in distance of migration between brehmii and collybita by analysing differences in flight-related morphology (wing-len

Proton-Induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE) constitutes a method for trace element analysis characterized by multielemental capability, detection limits in the low ppm-range and size resolution down towards a micrometre. In applications where the sensitivity of the Electron-Induced X-ray Emission (EIXE) analysis is not sufficient and where a spatial resolution not better than a few micrometres i

Preincubation of a triolein/phospholipid/cholesteryl oleate-emulsion in vitro with either pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) or gastric lipase (GL) resulted in hydrolysis (measured by pH-stat-titration) of cholesteryl [3H]oleate only after human pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) was added to the system. No appreciable hydrolysis was observed when CEL was added alone. Consequently, a concerted

In spite of the fact that hypertension is the main risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, retrospective studies have not given a clear answer concerning the role of hypertension in vascular dementia. Hypertension predisposes to intracerebral and extracerebral arterial alterations which may cause cerebrovascular events by a number of mechanisms. In addition to the established association between

Background: Mild head injury (MHI) implies a risk for traumatic brain injury and even a small risk for development of an intracranial hematoma. Head computed tomography (CT) is recommended for early detection of such pathologic findings. The present multicenter study was performed to investigate whether determination of protein S100B in serum could contribute to the selection of patients for CT sc

Gasol är ett användarvänligt PC-baserat datorprogram i Windowsmiljö. Programmet är specifikt utformat för simuleringar av utsläpp av gasol. Gasol är utvecklat på Brandteknik vid Lunds Universitet på uppdrag av Statens Räddningsverk. Gasol är ett vanligt bränsle i Sverige och användningen ökar. Både större och mindre olyckor har inträffat efter vådautsläpp av gasol. För att göra erforderliga riskan

Four superdeformed bands are reported in Sr-80, extending known superdeformation in the Sr-38 series down to N = 42. The characteristics of these bands are discussed. Residual Doppler shifts were measured and average transition quadrupole moments (Q(t)) inferred for these new bands, These Q(t) values are compared to Q(t) values obtained for previously identified superdeformed bands in Sr81-83. The

Purpose/Objectives: To describe experiences during radiotherapy of patients suffering from lung cancer. Design: Inductive, qualitative. Setting: A radiotherapy department in the south of Sweden. Sample: 15 patients with lung cancer undergoing their second week of radiotherapy. Methodologic Approach: Interviews were conducted in a hospital setting, transcribed, and content analyzed. Main Research V