We prove the first hardness results against efficient proof search by quantum algorithms. We show that under Learning with Errors (LWE), the standard lattice-based cryptographic assumption, no quantum algorithm can weakly automate TC0-Frege. This extends the line of results of Krajíček and Pudlák (Information and Computation, 1998), Bonet, Pitassi, and Raz (FOCS, 1997), and Bonet, Domingo, Gavaldà

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy have been confirmed by randomized trials, but current patient selection and outcome of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy in large international cohorts is unknown. This study aimed to compare the use and outcome of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy in North America, the Netherlands, Germany, and Sweden.ME

Under de senaste åren har byggbranschens behov ökat i många länder, i takt med ökande krav och utvecklingar, som beror på olika faktorer som till exempel tillväxt av befolknings urbanisering, ekonomisk, och investeringar i Fastighetsutveckling. En av dessa utvecklingar är att använda digitala verktyg inom byggprocesserna. Digitala metoder är en av dessa viktiga utvecklingar som företagen har börja

The issue of securing access to patented pharmaceutical products has been in the forefront of global legal debate for many years. This debate intensified further following the enactment of the TRIPSTRIPS agreement and the global enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights such as patents through the World Trade Organization. To combat the problem, compulsory licensingCompulsory licensing has been

Transport electrification in Sweden is moving at a fast pace. Grid impact studies from EVs predominantly consider low-voltage grids. However, as the share of electric cars is rapidly increasing, potential grid impact at higher voltage levels needs to be considered. This paper presents a probabilistic approach to generate aggregated charging profiles for home charging at a sub-transmission grid lev

This paper explores the dilemmas of upward social mobility from the perspective of opting out of conventional middle-class aspirations in search of better lives. East Asian education systems are globally renowned for their high academic standards and for producing students who score at the top on international assessment tests and rankings. It is well established in previous research that (middle-This paper explores the dilemmas of upward social mobility from the perspective of opting out of conventional middle-class aspirations in search of better lives. East Asian education systems are globally renowned for their high academic standards and for producing students who score at the top on international assessment tests and rankings. It is well established in previous research that (middle-

The t(14;19)(q32;q13) is a rare recurring translocation found in B-cell lymphoproliferative malignancies, involving the Bcl-3 gene. This chromosomal translocation is often found in patients under the age of 50 and causes a more progressive disease. The Bcl-3 gene encodes a protein belonging to the IκB family of proteins, which tightly regulates NFκB signaling by acting as an activator or repressor

Providing humoral immunity, antibody-secreting plasma cells and their immediate precursors, the plasmablasts, are generated in systemic and mucosal immune reactions. Despite their key role in maintaining immunity and immunopathology, little is known about their homeostasis. Here we show that plasmablasts and plasma cells are always detectable in human blood at low frequency in any unimmunized dono

On 31 January 2018, the Danish Competition and Consumer Authority adopted a decision that found the Swedish company CD Pharma, a generic distributor, to be in breach of Article 102(a) TFEU due to having abused its dominant position and imposed excessive and unfair prices for the drug Syntocinon. The company had increased the price of the drug by 2000% on the Danish market in the period April 2014-On 31 January 2018, the Danish Competition and Consumer Authority adopted a decision that found the Swedish company CD Pharma, a generic distributor, to be in breach of Article 102(a) TFEU due to having abused its dominant position and imposed excessive and unfair prices for the drug Syntocinon. The company had increased the price of the drug by 2000% on the Danish market in the period April 2014-

The COVID-19 crisis intensified decade-long debates on the interaction between intellectual property rights (IPRs), competition law and access to affordable life-saving treatments and vaccines. Compulsory licensing of patented medicines is a tried-and-tested method to expand access, particularly in a situation of “national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency” within the meaning of

BACKGROUND: The European registry for minimally invasive pancreatic surgery (E-MIPS) collects data on laparoscopic and robotic MIPS in low- and high-volume centers across Europe.METHODS: Analysis of the first year (2019) of the E-MIPS registry, including minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) and minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIPD). Primary outcome was 90-day mortality.RESULTS

C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group is a transnational municipal network with members from all parts of the world. Based on goals provided by the Paris Agreement, the network gathers scientific solutions to climate mitigation and adaptation and provide a space for its members to share knowledge and best practices. The purpose of this study is to examine the presence of two democratic principles, r

When The Swedish Democrats entered The Swedish parliament in 2010 they were met with both political and policy isolation from the established political parties including the Moderates, the largest mainstream right wing party. However, after the general election of 2022 The Swedish Democrats were invited to become a junior coalition partner following the trend of other European countries of mainstr

The Copenhagen Criteria laid the groundwork for the integration of Central and Eastern Europe, including the Balkans, into the European Union. To achieve EU membership, countries must undertake significant reforms to align with EU legislation and standards. This process enhances their capacity to implement EU laws while gaining closer cooperation with the EU, which offers benefits, such as access

Northern Irish society continues to be heavily polarized along sectarian lines. Despite this, the ethnically non-aligned Alliance Party has seen a sizable increase in support by offering an uncommon perspective beyond the sectarian binary. This raises the question of how a party can remain neutral in a society plagued by ethnic division. By outlining two polar attitudes towards societal divisions-

Local governments are today facing an increasingly complex reality marked by financial restraints, new demands from citizens and a growing competition with the private sector in providing welfare services. This complexity has led local governments to seek new types of competence, knowledge and skills among employees. Consequently, new roles have emerged within local government, with the strategist

As the digital transformation drives economic growth in Kenya and Nigeria, the accompanying rise in cybercrime is a significant risk to national security and economic stability. Estimates suggest that annual cybercrime-related losses in both countries amount to hundreds of millions of U.S. Dollars. To understand how their cybersecurity strategies compare with those of other lower-middle-income

The adoption of the EU directive on adequate minimum wages in 2022 was surprising for many. Due to political, legal and historical reasons the directive marks an interesting development in EU labour and social policy. Aiming to contribute to the understanding of this development, this thesis sets out to answer two questions: How did the European Commission put the Directive on adequate minimum wag