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Spatiotemporal coupling of attosecond pulses

Attosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range are today routinely generated via high-order harmonic generation (HHG), when intense ultrashort laser pulses are focused into a gaseous generation medium. The effect is most easily understood in a semi-classical picture [1]. An electron can tunnel ionize from the distorted atomic potential, pick up kinetic energy in the laser field,

THz time-domain reflection spectroscopy of KTiOPO4

Terahertz (THz) radiation has been of increasing interest in the last decades, for security, manufacturing, quality control, medical and security imaging applications. The field requires more efficient and affordable sources and nonlinear upconversion schemes point in this direction. KTiOPO, (KTP) is a well-established material for nonlinear optical applications in the visible and near-IR region t

Like parents, like children? The impact of parental endogamy and exogamy on their children’s partner choices in Sweden

This paper analyses the marriage patterns of multi-ethnic people–who have one native-born and one foreign-born parent–born in Sweden (multi-ethnic Swedes). Based on Swedish register data from the period 1997–2016 and multinomial regression analysis, this paper looks into the generational transmission of inter- and intra-marriage for multi-ethnic Swedes versus mono-ethnic individuals who have two n

Effects of Flame Temperature on PAHs and Soot Evolution in Partially Premixed and Diffusion Flames of a Diesel Surrogate

In this paper, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot formation in rich partially premixed flames and nonpremixed flames were studied using a blend of n-heptane and toluene. The flames were diluted with Ar, N2, and CO2 to control the flame temperature. Laser-induced fluorescence, laser-induced incandescence, and two-color pyrometry were used to study the effects of flame temperature on t

Apathy and anxiety are early markers of Alzheimer's disease

In this study, we investigated associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms (i.e., apathy, anxiety, and depression) and cerebral atrophy, white matter lesions (WML), beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, and cognitive decline in a nondemented sample. 104 cognitively unimpaired and 53 subjects with mild cognitive impairment were followed for up to 4 years within the Swedish BioFINDER study. Neuropsychiat

Ergothioneine is associated with reduced mortality and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease

Objectives: We recently identified a health conscious food pattern (HCFP) associated with reduced risk of cardiometabolic disease. However, the molecular events linking the healthy food pattern to reduced risk of cardiometabolic disease are unknown. Our aim was to identify plasma metabolites associated with the HCFP and test if such metabolites predict cardiometabolic disease and mortality. Method

Nursing and training of pigs used in renal transplantation studies

The pig is commonly used in renal transplantation studies since the porcine kidney resembles the human kidney. To meet the requirements of intense caretaking and examination without stress, a 2-week socialisation and training programme was developed. Conventional cross-breed pigs (n = 36) with high health status were trained for 15 min/day in a four-step training programme before kidney transplant

Marked regional variations in the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in a limited geographical region are not associated with compounds in the drinking water

Objective: The incidence of autoimmune diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has increased substantially. Globally, there are vast differences varying from 0.2/105 in some Asian countries to over 80/105 in the Faroe Islands. Environmental factors have been suggested as triggers. The aim was to investigate the incidence and prevalence of IBD in the 33 municipalities in the county S

Investigating the risk of breast cancer among women exposed to chemicals : a nested case–control study using improved exposure estimates

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine if exposures to chemicals at the workplace were associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, using improved exposure estimates. Methods: The design is a case–control study, nested within a cohort of women from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. The study comprised 2400 women, 731 cases and 1669 matched controls, born 1923–1950 and l

Suture-Tool : A Mechanical Needle Driver for Standardized Wound Closure

Introduction: A laparotomy is commonly required to gain abdominal access. A safe standardized access and closure technique is warranted to minimize abdominal wall complications like wound infections, burst abdomen and incisional hernias. Stitches are recommended to be small and placed tightly, obtaining a suture length-to-incision length (SL/WL) ratio of ≥ 4:1. This can be time-consuming and diffi

Head-to-head comparison of tau positron emission tomography tracers [18F]flortaucipir and [18F]RO948

Purpose: [18F]flortaucipir binds to paired helical filament tau and accurately identifies tau in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, “off-target” binding interferes with the quantification of [18F]flortaucipir in several brain regions. Recently, other tau PET tracers have been developed. Here, we compare [18F]flortaucipir with the novel tau tracer [18F]RO948 head-to-head in vivo. Methods: We includ

Wind-associated detours promote seasonal migratory connectivity in a flapping flying long-distance avian migrant

It is essential to gain knowledge about the causes and extent of migratory connectivity between stationary periods of migrants to further the understanding of processes affecting populations, and to allow efficient implementation of conservation efforts throughout the annual cycle. Avian migrants likely use optimal routes with respect to mode of locomotion, orientation and migration strategy, infl

High levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in the serum of breast cancer patients can serve as an independent prognostic marker

Background: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a pentameric cartilage protein also expressed in breast cancer tumors. A high expression of COMP evaluated by immunohistochemical staining is as an independent prognostic marker associated with poor patients’ prognosis. Methods: Herein, levels of COMP were analyzed using an IVD approved ELISA in serum samples from 233 well-characterized bre

Specification of a Specimen for Accelerated Thermal Aging Tests

This document presents design considerations of a sample for accelerated thermal aging tests. The proposed specimen is a parallel wired solenoid that is evaluated by using an axi-symmetric 2D finite element (FE) model in Comsol multi-physics. The aim of the design model is visualizing an interior stress distribution of an idealized coil in order to interpret the physics-of-failure in a more comple

Correlation of mosquito wing-beat harmonics to aid in species classification and flight heading assessment

Surveying disease vectors is currently excessively laborious for continuous and widespread monitoring. Wing beat modulation spectroscopy gives opportunity for species and sex recognition in electronic traps or mosquito target classification in lidar. We used a polarimetric dual-wavelength-band laboratory system to record kHz modulated backscattered light from insects. The system operates in the ne

Novel functional proteins coded by the human genome discovered in metastases of melanoma patients

In the advanced stages, malignant melanoma (MM) has a very poor prognosis. Due to tremendous efforts in cancer research over the last 10 years, and the introduction of novel therapies such as targeted therapies and immunomodulators, the rather dark horizon of the median survival has dramatically changed from under 1 year to several years. With the advent of proteomics, deep-mining studies can reac

Investigating the importance of future climate typology on estimating the energy performance of buildings in the EPFL campus

Climate changes induce warmer climate with stronger and more frequent extreme events. Due to the uncertain nature of climate, accurate simulation of future conditions is impossible and a major challenge is the selection of climate data in the impact assessment. This work compares application of three climate data sets in an energy simulation of the EPFL campus: i) Regional Climate Models (RCM data

Biodiversity seen through the perspective of insects : 10 simple rules on methodological choices and experimental design for genomic studies

Massively parallel DNA sequencing opens up opportunities for bridging multiple temporal and spatial dimensions in biodiversity research, thanks to its efficiency to recover millions of nucleotide polymorphisms. Here, we identify the current status, discuss the main challenges, and look into future perspectives on biodiversity genomics focusing on insects, which arguably constitute the most diverse

Effect of atrium geometry and reflectance on daylighting in adjacent rooms

Atria are implemented in buildings to increase daylight, foster interaction and provide ventilation. However, their implementation can be complex if good daylight is to be achieved. This research proposed an investigation about the atrium parameters that affect daylight conditions in a case study. This evaluation concentrated in the atrium geometry and the wall reflectance values. Overall, the out

Relation between occupant perception of brightness and daylight distribution with key geometric characteristics in multi-family apartments of Malmö, Sweden

Focusing on subjective evaluations of daylight conditions, the present paper explores the relation between room geometric characteristics and perceived brightness and daylight distribution in residential spaces. The study was conducted in 35 apartments consisting of 105 different rooms in the city of Malmö, and selected with respect to typical Swedish architectural building typologies. Questionnai