Mineral water and soft drinks with a perceptible off-odour were analysed to identify contaminants originating from previous misuse of the refillable polyethylene terephthalate ( PET) bottle. Consumers detected the off-odour after opening the bottle and duly returned it with the remaining content to the producers. The contaminants in question had thus been undetected by the in-line detection device

Diabetic treatment aims at achieving a normal blood glucose concentration as reflected by the glycosylated haemoglobin concentration. Intensive treatment by insulin pump or multiple insulin injections is thought to achieve this. In an unselected group of outpatient diabetics metabolic control was the same after one, two, three, or more injections, which suggests that the mode of treatment was opti

Background: Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is simple to cottect and as such a non-invasive method that has attracted substantial interest in the last few years. However, several methodological concerns have been raised and it has been difficult to reproduce results between different centres. Because of low concentrations of inflammatory markers, potential loss in the sampling system may have grea

We consider the quantization of inversion in commutative p-normed quasi-Banach algebras with unit. The standard questions considered for such an algebra A with unit e and Gelfand transform x bar right arrow (x) over cap are: (i) Is K-nu = sup{parallel to(e - x)(-1)parallel to(p) : x is an element of A, parallel to x parallel to(p)

What we can conclude from this study is that the state and the market are not perfect substitutes in allocating resources and sustaining economic development separately. The case of the Thai cassava industry seems to suggest that the Thai state is not benevolent, but predatory in nature. The central point is that the Thai state cannot be simply seen as weak and predatory without understanding the

In this article, we study the n - pi* electronic transition in aqueous microsolvated formaldehyde using the coupled cluster (CC) and coupled cluster/molecular mechanics (CC/MM) methods. The CC models used are the coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) and the coupled cluster second-order approximate singles and doubles (CC2) methods. The CC/MM model includes electrostatic and mutual polarizati

Power consumption in liquid-crystal displays is analyzed by including frequent polarity reversals and duty-cycle control. A multistep voltage profile is proposed to reduce the power consumption of multiplexed and nonmultiplexed displays. The authors have also shown that the reduction in the power consumption can be achieved with a minimal increase in hardware complexity of the drive electronics.

We consider single-molecule fluorescence experiments with data in the form of counts of photons registered over multiple time-intervals. Based on the observation schemes, linking back to works by Dehmelt [Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 20 (1975) 60] and Cook and Kimble [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) 1023], we propose an analytical approach to the data based on the theory of Markov-modulated Poisson processes (

Girls take up smoking at least as frequently as boys. Few studies have focused on gender differences in the impact of adolescent smoking. We evaluated the sex-specific effect of adolescent smoking on respiratory symptoms and lung function. All students in junior high and high schools in Nord-Trondelag County Norway, 1995-97, were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Information on sm

Production of bioethanol from forest and agricultural products requires a fermenting organism that converts all types of sugars in the raw material to ethanol in high yield and with a high rate. This review summarizes recent research aiming at developing industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the ability to ferment all lignocellulose-derived sugars. The properties required from the in

The effect of mixing time on gluten formation was studied for four commercial flour mixtures. The gluten phase was separated from dough using a nondestructive ultracentrifugation method. Small I deformation dynamic theological measurements and light and scanning electron microscopy were used. The recovered gluten was relatively pure with a small amount of starch granules embedded. The protein matr

In order to be able to apply performance design procedures with regard to material flammability in building design, a comprehensive and coherent philosophy on material reaction-to-fire must be developed. This paper gives a general discussion on performance-based design and performance-based test methods for material flammability. A number of end-use scenarios and critical conditions are discussed.