This paper presents a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) phase-locked loop (PLL), with an output frequency centered at 54.65 GHz. It demonstrates a mode-switching architecture that considerably improves the lock time, by seamlessly switching between a low-noise mode and a fast-locking mode that is only used during settling. The improvement is used to counteract the increased lock-time caused by cycle-slipsThis paper presents a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) phase-locked loop (PLL), with an output frequency centered at 54.65 GHz. It demonstrates a mode-switching architecture that considerably improves the lock time, by seamlessly switching between a low-noise mode and a fast-locking mode that is only used during settling. The improvement is used to counteract the increased lock-time caused by cycle-slips

Methylating substances alter DNA by forming N3-methylthymidine (N3mT), a mutagenic base modification. To develop a sensitive analytical method for the detection of N3mT in DNA based on capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF), we synthesized the N3mT-3'-phosphate as a chemical standard. The limit of detection was 1.9 amol of N3mT, which corresponds to one molecu

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to further develop the conceptualization of music consumption in the digital age by examining how contemporary music listening is interweaved with other practices, how it shapes those practices and how it is in turn shaped by them.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on extensive, qualitative interviews with 15 Swedish music consumers. During the cou

OBJECTIVE: Currently available hand prostheses lack sensory feedback. A "phantom hand map", a referred sensation, on the skin of the residual arm is a possible target to provide amputees with non-invasive somatotopically matched sensory feedback. How-ever, not all amputees experience a phantom hand map. The aim of this study was to explore whether touch on predefined areas on the forearm can be as

The development of microwave photon detectors is paving the way for a wide range of quantum technologies and fundamental discoveries involving single photons. Here, we investigate the photon emission from a microwave cavity and find that distribution of photon waiting times contains information about few-photon processes, which cannot easily be extracted from standard correlation measurements. The

Overconsumption is a widely used term in science, media and among concerned consumers. What do we mean by this term? This study is based on the assumption that both the public debate on consumption and consumer research could benefit from better understanding how this term is used and from clarifying the definition. The primary aim of this study was to describe how the term 'overconsumption' is be

Data on the polarization observables T, P, and H for the reaction γp→pπ0 are reported. Compared to earlier data from other experiments, our data are more precise and extend the covered range in energy and angle substantially. The results were extracted from azimuthal asymmetries measured using a transversely polarized target and linearly polarized photons. The data were taken at the Bonn electron

The aim is to illustrate how web marketing frame commercial baby food as a value-adding part of weaning practice and discuss how various ways of framing relate to contemporary mothering ideals. Drawing on “practice” and “frame analysis,” we illustrate how four baby food producers’ web marketing frame commercial baby food and weaning as “medical,” “fun” or “convenient.” The analysis shows that the

Dinoflagellates are a group of protists whose genome is unique among eukaryotes in terms of base composition, chromosomal structure and gene expression. Even after decades of research, the structure and behavior of their amazing chromosomes—which without nucleosomes exist in a liquid crystalline state—are still poorly understood. We used flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH

The Arctic is a popular place to do research. Many countries fund scientific research projects in the region, and international scientists are a considerable part of the Arctic population. Knowledge and expertise about the Arctic is no longer restricted to the Arctic states. Less controversial than flag planting at the North Pole and test drilling for oil, scientists and research stations are ofte

Flexible consumption in the household sector concerns individuals’ daily choices and the routines that develop in their households. Targeting household-level energy consumption therefore requires an understanding of energy consumption in relation to individual household members’ activity patterns. Individual time-diaries reveal when, for how long and where energy-related activities occur, permitti

Ferromagnetic semiconductor thin layers of the quaternary (Ga,Mn)(Bi,As) and reference, ternary (Ga,Mn)As compounds, epitaxially grown under either compressive or tensile strain, have been characterized from a perspective of structural and magnetization homogeneity. The quality and composition of the layers have been confirmed by secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). A thorough evaluation of the

In this article, we discuss Swedish crisis management from the perspective that public administration has evolved from a government steering structure to a governance structure. The power to govern crisis policy has been partly transferred from "government" to autonomous policy networks, which may include both public and private actors. Geographic area responsibility is assigned to the Government

Background: Squamous cell cancer of the anus (SCCA) is a rare malignancy, but the incidence is increasing. It isassociated with humman papilloma virus infection. The standard treatment is radiotherapy (RT) combined withchemotherapy, usually 5-fluorouracil (5FU)/Mitomycin C (MMC). This treatment is relatively effective, butrecurrence still represents a problem especially in locally advanced SCCA.Th

During mechanical defibration of wood, a minor fraction of the wood mass is dissolved in the process water. These dissolved substances represent an extra energy demand when they are treated in the mill’s wastewater treatment plant. Galactoglucomannan, the main hemicellulose in spruce, can be recovered from thermomechanical pulp mill process water by a process based on microfiltration (MF) and ultr

Neutrophils play a crucial role in host defense. However, neutrophil activation is also linked to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), where nucleic acid-containing immune complexes (IC) drive inflammation. The role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in processing of SLE ICs and downstream inflammatory neutrophil effector functions is not known. We observed that TLR7/