Coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light sources are necessary for the investigation of physical processes in the natural length and time scales of atoms. These experiments require a high degree of control of the coherent XUV light. The optical components and techniques, which are available for visible and infrared light, unfortunately cannot be used for controlling XUV light. In this thesis, nove

This article analyzes factors shaping technological capabilities in USA and European countries, and shows that the differences between the two continents in this respect are much smaller than commonly assumed. The analysis demonstrates a tendency toward convergence in technological capabilities for the sample as a whole between 1998 and 2008. The results indicate that social capabilities, such as

The effects of plasmapheresis on islet autoantibody levels, C-peptide (β-cell function), and hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c, metabolic control) were tested in a prospective blinded study of 18 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients randomly assigned to receive plasmapheresis (P), carried out as double filtration, or sham (S) treatment at diagnosis and 3 months thereafter. At di

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is a human rights legal document decided and adopted by the UN General Assembly in November 1989. This international convention has had a major impact on children’s rights, policies and legislation in many countries around the world. Another prominent feature of the development, however, is the lack of research in many areas on implementation of childre

CONTEXT: Vitamin D (25OHD) is involved in many physiological functions that decline with age, contributing to frailty and increased risk for negative health outcomes. Whether 25OHD is a long-term risk marker for frailty over a longer time and whether it is consistent with advancing age is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between 25OHD and frailty in older women followed for 10 ye

Aerosol composition and optical scattering from particles in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) have been studied by comparing in-situ aerosol samples from the IAGOS-CARIBIC passenger aircraft with vertical profiles of aerosol backscattering obtained from the CALIOP lidar aboard the CALIPSO satellite. Concentrations of the dominating fractions of the stratospheric aerosol, being sulphur and carbon,

Currency unions have been a recurring phenomenon in monetary history. The most basic definition of a currency union is when two or more sovereign nations share a common currency. Even though a currency union shares many characteristics with international monetary regimes based on fixed exchange rates (such as the Bretton Wood system), it is the most extreme case of a fixed exchange rate as it also

This chapter explores the role of gender equality on the long-run economicand demographic development path of industrialized countries. It accounts forchanges in fertility, technology and income per capita in the transition fromstagnation to sustained growth. Our unified cliometric growth model of femaleempowerment suggests that changes in gender relations, triggered byendogenous skill-biased techn

The Meis and Pbx genes encode for homeodomain proteins of the TALE class and have been shown to act as co-factors for other homeodomain transcription factors (Mann and Affolter, 1998. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 8, 423-429). We have studied the expression of these genes in the mouse telencephalon and found that Meis1 and Meis2 display region-specific patterns of expression from embryonic day (E)10.5 u

Coincident with the rapid growth of omni-channel retailing, growing urbanization, changing consumer behavior, and increasing focus on sustainability, academic interest in the area of last mile logistics has significantly increased. The growth in academic publications has been tremendous, with three out of four articles appearing within the past five years. The influx of research spans multiple dis