Can the economic legacy of highly skilled groups persist long after they were uprooted from their homelands? To answer this question, we study long-term sub-national development in Turkey after the mass expulsions of the Armenian and Greek communities of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century. Since these events led to an almost complete and permanent removal of both communities from Turkey

The Covid-19 pandemic has revealed the importance of social protection systems, including income security, when health problems arise. The aims of this study are to compare the follow-up regimes for sick-listed employees across nine European countries, and to conduct a qualitative assessment of the differences with respect to burden and responsibility sharing between the social protection system,

Background: Hypotension is common after cardiac arrest (CA), and current guidelines recommend using vasopressors to target mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) higher than 65 mmHg. Pilot trials have compared higher and lower MAP targets. We will review the evidence on whether higher MAP improves outcome after cardiac arrest. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted based o

Infrared laser-induced grating spectroscopy (IR-LIGS) is a powerful method for the detection of molecules in atmospheric and combustion chemistry by exploiting their strong and species-specific fundamental vibrations. This work discusses potentials and limitations of the method.

Recently we introduced the chirality-flow formalism, a method which builds on the spinor-helicity formalism and is inspired by the color-flow idea in QCD. With this formalism, Feynman rules and diagrams are simplified to the extent that it is often possible to immediately, by hand, write down a helicity amplitude given a Feynman diagram. In this paper we show that the method can also speed up nume

The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) produces global estimates of the real situation of access to water, sanitation and hygiene services, and sanitation and hygiene in households, educational institutes and health care facilities; however it is lacking data on schools in Kazakhstan. Thus, the aim of this research was to assess access to WASH

Research into the potential associations between tinnitus and cognition has investigated specific cognitive domains in laboratory settings despite adults with tinnitus reporting broad cognitive difficulties in every-day life. To address this limitation, the present study compared performance and perceived exertion on a visual office-like task in 38 adults with tinnitus (19 with normal hearing and

Nitrogen and sulfur are key elements in the biogeochemical cycles of marine ecosystems to which benthic foraminifera contribute significantly. Yet, cell-specific assimilation of ammonium, nitrate and sulfate by these protists is poorly characterized and understood across their wide range of species-specific trophic strategies. For example, detailed knowledge about ammonium and sulfate assimilation

We introduce a family of stochastic optimization methods based on the Runge–Kutta–Chebyshev (RKC) schemes. The RKC methods are explicit methods originally designed for solving stiff ordinary differential equations by ensuring that their stability regions are of maximal size. In the optimization context, this allows for larger step sizes (learning rates) and better robustness compared to e.g. the p