The Impact of Foreign Trade on the Development of Germany’s Energy Intensity during the Industrialization Phase
The development of Germany’s energy intensity of the 19th and 20th century shows a clear inverted U-shaped trend, which supports the hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) of energy intensity. In this article this development will be analyzed from a consumption perspective and investigate the impact of international trade on the upswing phase of Germany’s EKC of energy intensity. It i