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Cells in vivo are subjected continuously to multiple biochemical and biophysical stimuli from their microenvironment that regulate cell fate and function. Although two-dimensional (2D) platforms to check cell responses to various microenvironmental factors have been established, these methods lack physiological relevance. Macroscale three-dimensional (3D) cell culture platforms were developed to p
A central challenge within pharmacometrics is to establish a relation between pharmacological model parameters, such as compartment volumes and diffusion rate constants, and known population covariates, such as age and body mass. There is rich literature dedicated to the learning of functional mappings from the covariates to the model parameters, once a search class of functions has been determine
There is an urgent need for improved respiratory surveillance of preterm infants. Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) is emerging as a potential clinical cutaneous monitoring tool of lung functions in neonates. A challenge in the clinical translation of GASMAS is to obtain sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratios in the measurements, since the light attenuation is high in huma
Active prechamber combustion systems for SI engines represent a feasible and effective solution in reducing fuel consumption and pollutant emissions for both marine and ground heavy-duty engines. However, reliable and low-cost numerical approaches need to be developed to support and speed-up their industrial design considering their geometry complexity and the involved multiple flow length scales.
The ability of CEST MRI to detect the presence of millimolar concentrations of non-metallic contrast agents has made it possible to study, noninvasively, important biological molecules such as proteins and sugars, as well as drugs already approved for clinical use. Here, we review efforts to use sugar and sugar polymers as exogenous contrast agents, which is possible based on the exchange of their
We study the effects of two dimensions of teacher quality, subject knowledge and didactic skills, on student learning in francophone Sub-Saharan Africa. We use data from an international large- scale assessment in 14 countries that include individual-level information on student achievement and country-level measures of teacher subject knowledge and didactic skills in reading and math. Exploiting We study the effects of two dimensions of teacher quality, subject knowledge and didactic skills, on student learning in francophone Sub-Saharan Africa. We use data from an international large- scale assessment in 14 countries that include individual-level information on student achievement and country-level measures of teacher subject knowledge and didactic skills in reading and math. Exploiting
Two-dimensional polarization imaging (2D POLIM) is an experimental method where correlations between fluorescence excitation- and fluorescence emission-polarization properties are measured. One way to analyze 2D POLIM data is to apply a so-called single funnel approximation (SFA). The SFA allows for quantitative assessment of energy transfer between chromophores with identical spectra [homo-FRET (
Studies on animal colour vision typically focus on the chromatic aspect of colour, which is related to the spectral distribution, and disregard the achromatic aspect, which is related to the intensity (“brightness”) of a stimulus. Although the chromatic component of vision is often most reliable for object recognition because it is fairly context independent, the achromatic component may provide a
In rare-earth semiconductors, wide ligand p and rare-earth 5d bands coexist with localized, partially filled 4f shells. A simultaneous description for both extended and localized states represents a significant challenge for first-principles theories. Here, we combine an ab initio dynamical mean-field theory approach to strong local correlations with a perturbative application of the semilocal mod
The Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability affects a vast range of High Energy Density (HED) length scales, spanning from supernova explosions (1013 m) to inertial confinement fusion (10-6 m). In inertial confinement fusion, the RT instability is known to induce mixing or turbulent transition, which in turn cools the hot spot and hinders ignition. The fine-scale features of the RT instability, which are
Phalangeal fractures are common in all ages. Stable, extraarticular fractures can be treated non-operatively by closed reduction and buddy taping, while surgical fixation should be considered for unstable and displaced extra-articular fractures and most intra-articular fractures. The treatment should aim at early, active mobilisation in order to achieve the optimal functional outcome. Since intra-
Aging is a natural process that promotes different pathologies and progressive functional losses of cells and tissues. Aging impacts stem cell reserve and function negatively, resulting in compromising tissue regeneration. Stem cell aging significantly impairs wound healing properties of different tissues due to the age-related aberrant changes like increased proinflammatory cytokines, accumulatio
There are hundreds of thousands of moth species with crucial ecological roles that are often obscured by their nocturnal lifestyles. The pigmentation and appearance of moths are dominated by cryptic diffuse shades of brown. In this study, 82 specimens representing 26 moth species were analysed using infrared polarimetric hyperspectral imaging in the range of 0.95–2.5 µm. Contrary to previous studi
