This article critically examines two claims Mattia Riccardi ascribes to Nietzsche in his 2021 book Nietzsche’s Philosophical Psychology. The first is that Nietzsche’s main notion of consciousness should be interpreted as Rconsciousness. Rconsciousness is an awareness of a mental state or process that is achieved when that state is linguistically interpreted by another state. This article finds tha

Inconel 718 is a widely used Nickel-based alloy in the aerospace sector. However, its exceptional mechanical properties make it a very difficult material for machining operations. Additive manufacturing presents itself as a promising alternative, as it would reduce the need for post-printing material removal by machining. However, not enough research has been done about the behaviour of this mater

Die Charakterisierung der im Schweineserum vorhandenen Inhibitorfraktionen fur Trypsin, Chymotrypsin und Elastase wurde durch Gelfiltration über Ultrogel AcA44 und Aga-rosegelelektrophorese mit anschließender Demonstration der Hemmaktivität der getrennten Fraktionen durchgeführt. Die Inhibitorfraktionen aus der Gelfiltration wurden weiterhin mittels Antikörper identifiziert, die gegen die Protease

We have studied the development of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC)-metabolising enzyme activities in the neonatal rat intestine and its relation to the intestinal permeability of macromolecules. The permeability was determined by feeding young rats a mixture of bovine serum albumin, bovine immunoglobulin G and fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran 70,000, and a

Using electroimmunoassay the levels of the individual protease inhibitors, α2-macroglobulin f, α2-macroglobulin s, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor, α1-protease inhibitor and α2-antitrypsin were studied in the serum and the amniotic fluid during the fetal and postnatal development of the pig. High concentrations, far above the adult ones, of α2-antitrypsin and especially α1-protease inhibitor, were obser

Protease inhibitors and protease (caseinolytic, elastinolytic and esterolytic) activity were analysed in 190 milk samples from 94 mothers from day 1 to day 160 after delivery The main protease inhibitors in human milk are α1-antichymotrypsin and α1-antitrypsin. As measured by electroimmunoassay, the level of α1-antichy-motrypsin in day 1 colostrum was higher than that in normal serum. Trace amount

Wang Q, Pantzar N. Jeppsson B, Weström BR, Karlsson BW. Increased intestinal marker absorption due to regional permeability changes and decreased intestinal transit during sepsis in the rat. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994;29:1001-1008. Background: The intestinal barrier properties are impaired during inflammation and sepsis, but the mechanisms behind this are unknown and were therefore investigated du

A rat model was developed to assess bidirectional passage of macromolecules and low-molecular-weight markers across the intestinal barrier in intact and injured mucosa. Isolated in situ loops of distal small intestine were luminally perfused for 30 min with saline as control or HCl (pH 2.0) to induce an acute injury. The lumen-to-blood passage was followed during perfusion with bovine serum albumi

The development of exocrine pancreas function was studied in Swedish Landrace pigs surgically fitted with a chronic pancreatic duct catheter and a duodenal re-entrant cannula. The juice secretion and output of total protein and trypsin activity were followed before (basal secretion) and after feeding (postprandial secretion) during the first 1-13 weeks of life. The results showed that throughout t

We studied the neural and hormonal regulation of the secretion of pancreatic spasmolytic polypeptide (PSP), a potential growth factor, from isolated perfused porcine pancreas and the pancreatic exocrine secretion of PSP in response to a meal in young conscious pigs. PSP concentrations in the pancreatic juice ranged from 1 to 180 μg/ml. PSP released to the venous effluent amounted to 0.4-7% of the

Four groups of eight newborn calves were used to study the intestinal transmission of colostral immunoglobulin from the intestinal lumen to the blood circulation. The first feed was given one, eight, 16 or 24 hours after birth. Thereafter, three feeds were given with eight hour intervals. All feeds were from the same pool of colostrum and the amount fed each time corresponded to 3 per cent of the

Abstract: The degradation of the vasopressin analogue dDAVP was studied by reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after incubations in pancreatic juice and intestinal mucosa homogenates. dDAVP remained stable in pancreatic juice for a period of 60 min. while the parent hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) was completely degraded within 5 min. In intestinal mucosa homogenates dD

The intestinal transmission of two macromolecular markers, of similar molecular weight but different susceptibility to proteolytic digestion, was investigated in the neonatal pig. Piglets of varying age (0 h-7 days old) were given a mixture of bovine scrum albumin (BSA) and fluorescein-isothiocyanalc labelled dextran 70,000 (FiTC-D 70) by stomach tube, and the scrum concentrations were determined

Assessment of third molar development on dental radiograms is one of the most commonly used methods of forensic age estimation. Despite widespread use and numerous studies, there is a paucity of aggregated data on how well a fully mature third molar identifies adulthood (> 18 years), the most important threshold in a medicolegal context. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conduct

Background. The estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is one tool to detect renal disease. The most used biomarker remains serum creatinine and the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFCcrea ) equation is the most validated in Europe. More recently, cystatin C has been proposed as a biomarker. We studied the performances of the EKFC equations in a large cohort of subjects according to

AIMS: To evaluate the long-term clinical and economic outcomes associated with insulin detemir and neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin in combination with mealtime insulin aspart in patients with type 1 diabetes in Sweden, based on data from a two-year, multi-national, open-label, randomized, controlled trial.METHODS: Insulin detemir was associated with significant improvements in glycaemic c

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between regional body composition and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in Chinese children.Methods: In this study, 1399 children aged 7–14 years were included. Liver steatosis was assessed using the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measured through Fibroscan. MAFLD is defined as the presence of liver steatosis a

BackgroundPatient education and dialogue are important when choosing a future treatment strategy for patients with chronic kidney disease. To support patients in their decision-making process, it is critical to provide information in a way that patients can understand. This study was conducted to understand how nephrologists view the goals of information sharing, the challenges involved, and the s