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The human population is increasing and more wastewater, rich in nutrients, is produced. Increased levels of nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter in water bodies present a risk for eutrophication, toxicity to the water-living fauna and oxygen depletion. Therefore, it is important to operate the wastewater treatment plants efficiently to limit the release of nutrients to the rec

Background and issue of study: The global financial crisis, climate change, demographic changes, and rising inequality are some of the global trends that put pressure on public leaders and organizations, civil society organizations and corporations to shift to a social and environmental sustainable development. Social innovations are demanded to be both drivers of positive societal change and forc

Concrete is sometimes damaged by freezing. The damage increases if salt also is present. The damage consists of the removal of small flakes on the surface of the concrete, the inner structure may however be completely unaffected. This surface damage may increase the degree of saturation and ingress of e.g. chloride ions, which may lead to inner frost damage and corrosion on the reinforcing steel.

Background: We are today doing business in a global and increasingly digitalized world where e-commerce has become a significant approach for companies to be successful and to reach a bigger market. Alibaba Group is today considered to be the world’s largest e-commerce company and was founded in 1999 by Jack Ma, a former English teacher from Hangzhou, China. The company’s mission is to make it eas

Inaccurate and sensational news about the EU in the media, also known as euromyths, have proven to be an effective tool that creates images for public discussion. Previous research has concluded that the news from Brussels is more likely to be reported inaccurately in the member states’ media but there is little explanation for why this occurs. The focus of this research is on the reporting of EU

This thesis examines how the transition from a linear product development process to a faster and iterative one affects the extent and quality of cross-functional collaboration within a company. It investigates both what changes such a transition entails, as well as how they may be explained. The setting of the study is the software development department of a multinational consumer electronics fi

En kursförlust som uppstår vid vissa tillfällen i den svenska kapitalvinstbeskattningen slås samman med vinsten/förlusten på avyttringen av själva tillgången. Om denna samlade vinst/förlust är skattepliktig eller avdragsgill kommer därigenom att bero på de skatteregler som gäller för avyttringen av tillgången. När inget avdragsrätt föreligger har det anförts att detta skulle vara diskriminerande oA forex generated loss that occurs at certain times in the Swedish capital gains taxation will be merged with the profit/loss on disposal of the asset. If this total gain/loss amount is taxable or deductible will thus depend on the tax rules that apply to the sale of the asset. When no right to deduct exists it has been argued that this would be discriminatory and against the freedoms of European

En byggarbetsplats med noll olyckor. Så lyder visionen för säkerhet hos många av Sveriges byggföretag. Byggbranschen är idag en bransch med många olycksfall samt flest dödsfall per år. För att komma närmare visionen om noll arbetsplatsolyckor krävs arbete och utveckling på många fronter. En av dessa fronter skulle kunna vara BIM, byggnadsinformationsmodellering (Building Information Modeling). IdaA construction site with zero accidents. So reads the vision concerning safety among many of the Swedish construction companies. Today the building trade is an industry with many accidents, and also the industry which has the most deaths per year. To get closer to the vision concerning zero accidents, work and development on many fronts is a necessity. One of these fronts could be the usage of BIM

Background: Similar to other innovative technologies, wearable technology has started to make its way into mainstream and is expected to grow rapidly within the next few years. These technologies raise a variety of effects on consumers’ lived experiences due to the close interaction between body and machines. One growing field that heavily relies on the proactive interplay between technology and t

In Sweden, there is both the political will and the state finances to give funding to arts organizations and institutions. Despite this support for arts and culture, there is still unmet demand among crucial demographics in many cities and regions across the country. Helsingborg is a middle sized city in Southern Sweden that is representative of this problem. This begs the question of how to creat

Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda vilket värde den kommande rapporteringen av Key Audit Matters (KAM) har i förhållande till privata investerare. Värdeskapandet undersöks utifrån informationsvärde, förtroendet för den reviderade redovisningen och ett reducerat förväntningsgap. Undersökningen utgörs av flermetodsforskning med betoning på den kvantitativa delen där vi kombinerar en enkätundersökning

Corruption is a problem that exists in all societies and is harmful for any countries’ social, economic and political development, thus needs to be combated and criminalized against. Corruption appears in different forms and grows and develops under different circumstances. It is a difficult phenomenon to define as it has many levels of existence and derives from differing causes and factors depen

Moderate exercise is deemed beneficial for cognition due to increase in dopamine concentrations in the basal ganglia. Auditory white noise is beneficial for cognition, mainly for those with lower attentional ability, i.e. for those having lower tonic dopamine concentrations. For individuals with higher attention ability white noise can have a negative effect. In this thesis it was examined whether

Antalet rättsfall gällande oönskad publicering och spridning av andra människors privata material på Internet har ökat betydligt de senaste åren, med de s.k. Instagramupploppen 2012 som en sorts uppmärksamhetskulmen. Inget svenskt samlingsnamn som passar i alla dylika sammanhang har uppkommit och även om specifika detaljer skiljer sig åt från fall till fall, förefaller ärekränkningar förekomma somThe legal cases concerning unwanted online publishing of private material have experienced a significant rise in the last few years peaking around 2012 in Sweden, with initial assiduities around the issue being brought about by the “Instagram riots”. Up to this day, there is yet to be a collective term to entirely encompass these cases, and although the specific details differ between each case, t

The use of sludge as fertilizers contributes to the recycling of nutrients to the environment due to its origin from wastewater and therefore relatively high content of nutrients and organic matter. However, wastewater does also contain hazardous compounds like heavy metals and micropollutants which eventually are separated to the sludge during the treatment processes at the wastewater treatment p

When testing for means there are two classical assumptions to be considered, normality and equal variances (equal covariance matrices). Historically more attention seems to be directed towards violation of the assumption of equal variances, which is referred to as the Behrens-Fisher problem, than the assumption of normality. Our attention is equally directed to both the issues. We propose a bootst

Dispositionsprincipen inom avtalsrätten ger som huvudregel var och en rätt att fritt bestämma över avtalsfrågor så som om avtal ska ingås, vem avtalet ska ingås med och vad avtalet ska innehålla. Inom den rätten ligger även att avgöra hur en framtida tvist dem emellan ska lösas. Avtalsfriheten är dock inte absolut. Den begränsas av ett olika hänsynstaganden, skapade som skyddsregler för svaga partThe principle of freedom of contract gives, as a rule, everyone the right to freely decide over contract issues such as, that agreements are to be concluded, whom the contract is to be concluded with, and what the contract should contain. Within the principle is also to determine how a future dispute between them will be resolved. Contractual freedom is not absolute. It is limited by a variety of