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Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is synthesized by cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in the arachidonic acid pathway. PGE2 promotes cancer initiation and progression while facilitating chronic inflammation and immunosuppression, partly through regulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. PGE2 also modulates Hippo signaling, enhancing nuclear Yes-associated protein

A search for the production of top-quark pairs with the same electric charge (tt or tt¯) is presented. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. Events with two same-charge leptons and at least two b-tagged jets are selected. Neural networks are employed to define

Collective action problems emerge when individual incentives and group interests are misaligned, as in the case of climate change. Individuals involved in these problems are generally considered to have two options: contribute toward public solutions such as global warming mitigation or free ride. However, many collective action problems today involve a third option of investing in a “private solu

The paper reviews current trends and future directions for diagnostics and therapy with ionizing radiation. Recent advances in medical physics applied to radiation therapy, diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine, MRI, and radiation safety are summarized. Today, much of the development is concentrated on providing conditions for individualized diagnostics and therapy for the patient, which requires

Spectrum arguments are purported to show that the betterness relation is not a transitive relation. This is a drastic conclusion since much normative theorizing and everyday reasoning assume that betterness is transitive. In order to avoid this conclusion, many reject a plausible view on trade-offs between quality and quantity. The rejection can take the form of a radical or a conservative rejecti

Ett radioaktivt nedfall efter ett kärnkraftshaveri kan resultera i kontamination av stora landområden. I syfte att skydda människors hälsa mot joniserande strålning kan storskalig sanering vara nödvändig. Sverige saknar nationell erfarenhet av denna typ av storskalig sanering. Det finns därmed stora osäkerheter i verkan av en sådan sanering som bl.a. är beroende av de enskilda saneringsåtgärdernas

Gaining insight into structural and compositional transformations occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface during the operation of electrochemical systems is fundamental to understanding and, thus, optimizing their performance. Such an analysis must be performed in operando conditions, owing to the potential, electrolyte and time dependence of these transformations. Here, the use of X-ray

The femtoscopic study of pairs of identical pions is particularly suited to investigate the effective source function of particle emission, due to the resulting Bose–Einstein correlation signal. In small collision systems at the LHC, pp in particular, the majority of the pions are produced in resonance decays, which significantly affect the profile and size of the source. In this work, we explicit

Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) provides a more realistic interpretation of crystallographic data than the standard independent atom model (IAM) by using aspherical atomic form factors derived from quantum mechanical (QM) calculations. With this aspherical description, it is possible to obtain improved atomic positions, atomic displacement parameters and correct bond lengths even for hydrogen atom

This article presents a search for a heavy charged Higgs boson produced in association with a top quark and a bottom quark, and decaying into a W boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson h. The search is performed in final states with one charged lepton, missing transverse momentum, and jets using proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the LHC at CERN. T

Objectives Structural valve deterioration is an inherent limitation of bioprosthetic valves; however, the time it takes to develop varies depending on the valve model. The Sorin Soprano aortic bioprosthetic valve (Sorin Group/LivaNova, Milan, Italy) lacks reported long-term results. This study aims to establish the long-term durability of this bioprosthetic valve in a nationwide cohort. Methods Al

Aims: Testing insulin resistance could help improve physician assessment of patients’ risk of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2D), even among normoglycemic individuals. Methods: The longitudinal study followed 16,333 normoglycemic participants in a nation-wide employer-sponsored health assessment program starting in August 2020 with a median follow-up time of 2.9 years for incident prediabetes or

Objectives Critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are at an increased risk of acquiring bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI). We aimed to describe patient characteristics, risk factors, and the microbiological spectrum in blood cultures and evaluate the impact of ICU-acquired BSI on outcomes in a Nordic setting. Methods A prospective multicenter cohort study w

One hundred years ago Professor Erik von Willebrand, working at the Deaconess Hospital in Helsinki, Finland, published his landmark paper on hereditary pseudohemophilia (the original paper, in Swedish, was entitled Hereditär pseudohemofili and was published in Finska Läkaresällskapets Handlingar). In 1924, a 5-year-old girl named Hjördis, living in Föglö in the Åland Island archipelago, was brough

Martian carbonate-bearing rocks are compelling targets for exploration because they preserve detailed records of past aqueous processes, climate, and habitability. The Margin unit in Jezero crater is a distinct olivine- and carbonate-bearing unit stratigraphically underlying the western fan, lining the inner margin of the western crater rim and has a contested origin. Perseverance spent ∼350 sols

The ATLAS experiment has developed extensive software and distributed computing systems for Run 3 of the LHC. These systems are described in detail, including software infrastructure and workflows, distributed data and workload management, database infrastructure, and validation. The use of these systems to prepare the data for physics analysis and assess its quality are described, along with the

The stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C(CH4)) and hydrogen (δ2H(CH4)) in methane (CH4) from atmospheric air samples provide a tracer that can help distinguish the relative contribution of emission sources. These can be continuously measured at atmospheric monitoring stations by optical isotope ratio spectrometer (OIRS) instruments, providing data that is complementary to isotope ratio mass spect