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Moonlight drives nocturnal vertical flight dynamics in black swifts

Many animals have evolved a migratory lifestyle as an adaptation to seasonality,1,2 ranging from insects3 to fish,4 terrestrial and marine mammals,5-7 and birds.8 Old World swifts have evolved an extraordinary aerial non-breeding life phase lasting for 6-10 months.9-11 Swifts exploit the aerosphere in search of insects to meet the high energy demands of flight.12 During this period they roost and

Can diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) outperform standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations in post-COVID-19 autoimmune encephalitis?

Background: Neurological and psychiatric manifestations related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are widely recognised. Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations are normal in 40–80% of symptomatic patients, eventually delaying appropriate treatment when MRI is unrevealing any structural changes. The aim of this study is to investigate white

RESPECT the UNSTABLE : DELAYS and SATURATION in CONTACT TRACING for DISEASE CONTROL

Motivated by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, this paper aims to apply Gunter Stein's cautionary message of respecting the unstable to the problem of controlling the spread of an infectious disease. With this goal, we study the effect that delays and capacity constraints have in the test, trace, and isolate (TeTrIs) process, and how they impact its ability to prevent exponential

Sol-gel integrated protein microarray for high-resolution signal readout of psa (prostate specific antigen) in clinical samples

In this study, we demonstrate a new protein microarray technology for highly sensitive detection of PSA (prostate caser specific antigen) in scrum samples. Using the optically active sol-gel nanocomposites, which can hold capturing probes in native and surface morphology tailored porous silicon, purified PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) in human female serum was assessed by FlTC-antiPSA in broad dy

Molecular insights into substrate specificity of prostate specific antigen through structural modeling

Prostate Specific Antigen's (PSA) role as a biomarker for prostate cancer is well established but the physiological role of its serine protease activity in the pathobiology of normal prostate and prostate carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. In light of recent studies that implicate PSA's enzymatic activity in the initiation and/or progression of prostate cancer, we performed a molecular modeli

Pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity and doubling time are associated with outcome but neither improves prediction of outcome beyond pretreatment PSA alone in patients treated with radical prostatectomy

Purpose: Controversy exists as to whether current pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dynamics enhance outcome prediction in patients undergoing treatment for prostate cancer. We assessed whether pretreatment PSA velocity (PSAV) or doubling time (PSADT) predicted outcome in men undergoing radical prostatectomy and whether any definition enhanced accuracy of an outcome prediction model. Pa

NF-κB regulates androgen receptor expression and prostate cancer growth

Prostate cancers that progress during androgen-deprivation therapy often overexpress the androgen receptor (AR) and depend on AR signaling for growth. In most cases, increased AR expression occurs without gene amplification and may be due to altered transcriptional regulation. The transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which is implicated in tumorigenesis, functions as an important downstrea

Early prostate-specific antigen changes and the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To delineate how recent findings on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can improve prediction of risk, detection, and prediction of clinical endpoints of prostate cancer (PCa). RECENT FINDINGS: The widely used PSA cut-point of 4.0 ng/ml increasingly appears arbitrary, but no cut-point achieves both high sensitivity and high specificity. The accuracy of detecting PCa can be increase

Circulating prostate tumor cells detected by Reverse transcription-PCR in men with localized or castration-refractory prostate cancer : Concordance with CellSearch assay and association with bone metastases and with survival

Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays have been used for analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), but their clinical value has yet to be established. We assessed men with localized prostate cancer or castration-refractory prostate cancer (CRPC) for CTCs via real-time RT-PCR assays for KLK3 [kallikrein-related peptidase 3; i.e., prostate-specific antigen (PSA)] and KLK2 mRNAs. We also assess

Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of circulating tumor cells in metastatic prostate cancer

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of characterizing gene copy number alteration by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of circulating tumor cells (CTC) isolated using the Cell Search system in patients with progressive castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Experimental Design: We used probe combinations that included the androgen receptor (AR)and MYC genes for FISH analysis of CT

Systematic review of Pretreatment prostate-specific antigen velocity and doubling time as predictors for prostate cancer

Purpose Pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dynamics (PSA velocity and PSA doubling time) are widely advocated as useful prognostic markers in prostate cancer. We aimed to assess the published evidence for the clinical utility of PSA dynamics in this population. Methods We conducted a systematic review of studies published before March 2007 in which a PSA dynamic (velocity or doubling tim

National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for use of tumor markers in testicular, prostate, colorectal, breast, and ovarian cancers

BACKGROUND: Updated National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for the use of tumor markers in the clinic have been developed. METHODS: Published reports relevant to use of tumor markers for 5 cancer sites - testicular, prostate, colorectal, breast, and ovarian - were critically reviewed. RESULTS: For testicular cancer, α-fetoprotein, human chorionic g

Systematic review of statistical methods used in molecular marker studies in cancer

BACKGROUND. There is wide interest in the use of molecular markers for the early detection of cancer, the prediction of disease outcome, and the selection of patients for chemotherapy. Despite significant and increasing research activity, to the authors' knowledge only a small number of molecular markers have been successfully integrated into clinical practice. In the current study, the experiment

Serum Markers for Prostate Cancer : A Rational Approach to the Literature

Introduction: Due to its universal applicability for early detection and prediction of cancer stage and disease recurrence, widespread implementation of serum-based prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements has a significant influence on current treatment strategies for men with prostate cancer (PCa). However, over-detection and the resultant over-treatment of indolent cancers have been strongl

Expression of Prostate Specific Antigen on the Surface of a Filamentous Phage

We have constructed two phagemid vectors containing the gene coding for human Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) translationally fused to a pelB signal sequence and minor coat protein III of phage fd leading to phage particles that carry PSA on their tips. Phages were characterized by Western blotting and by panning, using biotinylated monoclonal anti-PSA antibodies immobilized onto streptavidin-coat

Complex formation between protein C inhibitor and prostate‐specific antigen in vitro and in human semen

Protein C inhibitor (PCI), a serine‐proteinase inhibitor first purified from human blood plasma, occurs at high concentrations (3–4 μM) in seminal fluid in both a high‐molecular‐mass and low‐molecular‐mass form. Immunochemical data have previously suggested that PCI in seminal plasma forms complexes with the most abundant serine proteinase in semen, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). To provide a st

Can RE Help Better Prepare Industrial AI for Commercial Scale?

This issue marks the start of my term as department editor for the “Requirements” column. I very much look forward to exploring contemporary aspects of requirements and requirements engineering (RE) in the coming years! As an institute researcher with RISE, I primarily work in strictly regulated domains, in which requirements are cornerstones in the development activities. Please check my introduc