While our understanding of the nanoscale architecture of anterograde synaptic transmission is rapidly expanding, the qualitative and quantitative molecular principles underlying distinct mechanisms of retrograde synaptic communication remain elusive. We show that a particular form of tonic cannabinoid signaling is essential for setting target cell–dependent synaptic variability. It does not requir

Suppose (f,X, μ) is a measure preserving dynamical system and φ: X → R a measurable function. Consider the maximum process Mn := max{X1, ,Xn}, where Xi = φ ○ fi-1 is a time series of observations on the system. Suppose that (un) is a non-decreasing sequence of real numbers, such that μ(X1 > un) → 0. For certain dynamical systems, we obtain a zero- one measure dichotomy for μ(Mn ≤ un i.o.) dependin

While there are thousands of books written about feedback control, it is surprising that this is the very first book about feedforward control. Feedforward control is a very powerful technique to compensate for measurable load disturbances in regulation control problems, and the use of feedforward control to assist the traditional feedback controllers is rapidly increasing in industry. The main go

In the era of Industry 4.0, fostering innovation through strong collaboration among universities, industry, and government is crucial. However, the Tanzanian economy has faced challenges due to, among others, weak links between these entities. To address this, Sida initiated the Innovation Systems and Cluster Development Program (ISCP-Tz) in partnership with the University of Dar es Salaam. This w

Novel hydrophobic membranes for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) were developed using poly(1,1-difluoroethylene) (PVDF) loaded with the ionic liquid methyltrioctylammonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (MTOA-DEHP). These polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) were fabricated via non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS). Detailed characterization revealed that MTOA-DEHP significantly enhanc

The last twenty years have seen 3D documentation and modelling emerge as an important vector for methodological innovation in cutting-edge research in archeology. Adopting techniques such as photogrammetric modelling and laser scanning, archeologists are experimenting with new ways of producing and communicating knowledge; and they do so by innovating and developing new ways to record, report, and

Better understanding of membrane fouling and cleaning can help implementation of membrane filtration processes in the pulp and paper industry. The aim of this study was to optimize membrane cleaning in the nanofiltration of kraft black liquor ultrafiltered permeate for the recovery of lignin. This work wants to assess whether the cleaning process removes the main foulants; as well as the economic

To reduce carbon emissions, logistics companies take measures to achieve the climate neutrality target to reach “Green Logistics.” As one of the valuable measures, gradually replacing present fossil fuel vehicles with electric vehicles for parcel delivery and linehaul transportation is scheduled at the terminals of logistics companies. The charging load of a fully electrified vehicle fleet challen

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the combustion behavior, performance, and NOx emissions in a diesel-hydrogen dual-fuel high-pressure direct injection (HPDI) compression ignition (CI) heavy-duty engine, utilizing numerical simulations validated against operational-engine experimental data. This study aims to investigate this engine by focusing on two distinct hydrogen rail pressures

Background: Small songbirds respond and adapt to various geographical barriers during their annual migration. Global flyways reveal the diverse migration strategies in response to different geographical barriers, among which are high-elevation plateaus. However, few studies have been focused on the largest and highest plateau in the world, the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) which poses a significant

Background: Conflicts with patients and relatives occur frequently in intensive care units (ICUs), driven by factors that are intensified by critical illness and its treatments. A majority of ICU healthcare professionals have experienced verbal and/or physical violence. There is a need to understand how healthcare professionals in ICUs experience and manage this workplace violence. Methods: A qual

Metamonads are a diverse group of heterotrophic microbial eukaryotes adapted to living in hypoxic environments. All metamonads but one harbour metabolically altered ‘mitochondrion-related organelles’ (MROs) with reduced functions, however the degree of reduction varies. Here, we generate high-quality draft genomes, transcriptomes, and predicted proteomes for five recently discovered free-living me

When sex chromosomes evolve recombination suppression, the sex-limited chromosome (Y/W) commonly degenerate by losing functional genes. The rate of Y/W degeneration is believed to slow down over time as the most essential genes are maintained by purifying selection, but supporting data are scarce especially for ZW systems. Here, we study W degeneration in Sylvioidea songbirds where multiple autoso

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between source-specific ambient particulate air pollution concentrations and the incidence of dementia. The study encompassed 70,057 participants from the Västerbotten intervention program cohort in Northern Sweden with a median age of 40 years at baseline. High-resolution dispersion models were employed to estimate source-specific particul

Purpose: To explore whether previous participation in clinical studies increases adherence to management guidelines in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD). Methods: This retrospective cohort study was designed to give a SNAPSHOT of the management of AUD at six hospitals, three of which had participated in the AVOD trial comparing antibiotic versus non-antibiotic treatment of AUD. Patients wit