This essay provides an analysis of the relation between the value added tax (VAT) and the size of the informal sector in Africa. The proposed hypothesis is that due to incentive mechanisms provided by VAT, tax evasion, and hence the size of the informal sector, should decrease when VAT replaces other standard consumption taxes, primarily the retail sales tax (RST) and the turnover tax (TOT). The

Syfte: Detta arbete har som syfte att undersöka den eventuella förekomsten av skillnader i riskjusterad avkastning mellan aktieportföljer bestående av bolag verksamma inom oljeproduktion respektive servicebolag inom oljesektorn Metod: För att undersöka om skillnader i riskjusterad avkastning föreligger har vi skapat två olika portföljer innehållande femton bolag ur respektive sektor. För dessa por

Wide bandwidth time-of-flight spectrometer (TOFS) developed in the Group of Biophotonics,Lund University, is a unique tool which is capable to deliver continues absorption/scattering spectra of turbid samples in a singularly broad wavelength range from 600nm up to 1400nm. The main focus of this thesis work is to calibrate and optimize the performance of the instrumental setup of this system for bi

Phosphorus-filter with reactive filter material has shown good potential to reduce P in wastewater from single households. In 2006 the Swedish EPA updated the restrictions for wastewater treatment for single households(NFS 2006:7) according to the environmental code. Apart from minimizing nutrient loss the new restrictions also suggests that phosphorus(P) in the filter should be recycled back to a

Today's food production contributes to many different kinds of environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication, discharge of toxic substances and deforestation. Because of this, various types of environmental labels have been introduced to assist consumers in choosing products that have a lesser environmental impact than others. Svenskt Sigill and KRAV have developed a

Manganese is a heavy metal that acts an essential micronutrient for plants and animals, as well as it is toxic in great amounts. Mn2+ is the form of manganese that is biologically available for plants and micro organisms living in soil. How much manganese a plant needs and tolerates varies greatly among different species. The amount of available manganese in soil also varies among different soil t

If Europe is to meet its Kyoto commitments and avert further environ- ental damage and climate change, urban car traffic has to decline drastically. Yet, no efforts to master the challenge have succeeded. Planners need new demand side tools to help facilitate more sustaina-ble travel patterns and increase use of public transport. This thesis is a literary contribution to the EU SUNSET and Swedish

Nyckelord: Hållbar utveckling, hållbar mat, ekologisk produktion, jordbruk, LCA, miljö- och klimatsmart mat, Sveriges miljömål Problem: Den globala livsmedelsproduktionen ansvarar för en relativt stor del av världens totala miljöpåverkan. En hållbar utveckling behövs och inte minst en hållbar produktion och konsumtion av mat. Studien tar ett grepp genom att med fokus på hållbar utveckling, tolka bProblem: The environmental impact from food production accounts for a relatively high percentage of the world’s environmental impacts. We need a sustainable development, not least a sustainable production and consumption of food. The study focuses on the concept of sustainable food through a comprehensive approach. Furthermore, the study embraces different impacts food creates on the climate and e

Within the scope of this project, investigations were made into the possibility of replacing Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) with NanoImprint Lithography (NIL) for creating arrays of gold dots on substrates, with the aim of nanowire growth. The attempted nano wires grown were aimed to be of use in the field of biotechnology. The main focus and aim of this project has been to perfect a fabrication

The aim of this thesis is to present experiences and lessons learned from the initial implementation process of the rating system STARS at Washington University in St. Louis: mainly the strengths/opportunities can be used to overcome the weaknesses/threats that the STARS implementation may entail. Strengths and opportunities such as increased student involvement in processes such as assessing sust

A cost-benefit analysis is performed following inevitable renovation requirements for the public outdoor swimming facilities situated in Ljungbyhed and Östra Ljungby. The purpose of the thesis is to evaluate whether or not it is economically acceptable to perform the necessary investments to keep the facilities operating. The benefits are estimated using observed data regarding the number of visi

This sociolinguistic bachelor thesis concerns the attitudes towards youth language and language changes in the Swedish language. A lot of sociolingustic research has been done on the field of both youth language and language changes, but there are no previous Swedish research concerning the same questions as in this study. This is an apparent-time study with a synchronous perspective and only one

This study examines the underlying patterns of savings and investments in China for the period 1978 – 2008. The institutional changes that occurred as a result of the 1978 economic reforms programme brought about profound changes to the characteristics of savings and investments in China. The paper finds that household savings while high, do not explain China’s high savings rate as a whole. High s

MMP13 (Collagenase 3) is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. In pathology it is overexpressed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and human carcinomas. It is secreted in its inactive proforms from which it can be activated. The project studies how MMP13 can degrade/digest the normal femoral head human articular cartilage. Peptides were separated using reversed phas

Denna uppsats studerar intresset hos svenska företag och konsumenter för en märkning om vattenåtgång på livsmedel från gröda/djur till färdig vara. Vid produktion av det flesta typer av varor finns en vattenåtgång med mer eller mindre skadlig påverkan på miljön beroende på liter per kilo, geografisk allokering och årstid. De miljöeffekter vattenåtgången innebär är majoriteten av konsumenterna omed

The plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase was activated by the binding of a 14-3-3 protein. This complex can be stabilized by the fungal toxin - fusicoccin. During this activation H+/ATP stoichiometry changed (1). This work presents approaching to find the new stoichiometry. The main part presents looking for the best preparation of plasma membrane vesicles for measurements. A new pH indicator – Glu3 –

An investigation of Eupatorium lasiophthalmum yielded fourteen sesquiterpene lactones (1-14) including one new epimer (7) and a revision of the reported stereochemistry of 2 is suggested. One known sesquiterpene (15) and one triterpene (16) with a novel skeleton were found. Two known flavonoids (17-18) were also isolated. Michael adducts were prepared out of 1, 4 and 5 and their reversibility stud

Plants need light to convert earbon dioxide to organic compounds, but when exposed to too much light the photosynthetic machinery takes damage. This is prevented by conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, which participate in a process that converts the excess light into heat. The conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin is done by the enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase. VDE from spinach have bee