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Objective: To describe dietary carbohydrate intakes and their food sources among 27 centres in 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Methods: Between 1995 and 2000, 36 034 subjects, aged between 35-74 years, were administered a standardized, 24-h dietary recall using a computerized interview software programme (EPIC-SOFT). Inta

The mechanisms of neuronal cell death are still only poorly understood, which has hindered the advancement of therapies for many currently untreatable neurodegenerative diseases. This calls for the development of new methods which reveal critical molecular mechanisms of the celldeath machinery with both high sensitivity and cellular resolution. Using animal models for hereditary neurodegeneration

Objectives To determine the agreement between ultrasound and histological examination of the cervix in patients with early stage cervical cancer with regard to tumor size and local extent of the disease. Methods Eighteen patients with histologically proven cervical cancer Stage IB1-IIA according to traditional clinical staging (FIGO 1988) who were scheduled for radical surgery underwent a standard

Using survey data from a large public research organization, this study examines entrepreneurship propensities of academic researchers, focusing on gender differences. Although sample means of female and male propensities toward entrepreneurship are fairly similar, regression estimates show significant gender differences in the association of several factors with propensities to start businesses.

Three hot break tomato pastes were investigated to determine the effect of their characteristics on the properties of tomato ketchup, processed in an industrial-scale facility (i.e. diluted, heated, homogenized and cooled). Pastes and ketchups were characterized by particle size distribution, volume fraction, and rheological behavior in steady and dynamic shear. The ketchups were also subjected to

Core-shell (CS) quantum dots (QDs) are promising light absorbers for solar cell applications mainly because of their enhanced photostability compared with bare QDs. Moreover, the superb photostability can be combined with a low number of defects by using CSQDs with a gradient composition change from the core to the shell. Here, we study electron injection from the gradient CSQDs to ZnO nanoparticl

Ligand homogeneity is an important issue in affinity chromatography. Using phages expressing peptides on the pIII protein, a heterogeneity in the binding of monoclonal phages was observed during affinity chromatography on supermacroporous cryogels. Fractions with different apparent binding affinities could be separated by stepwise elution. When these different fractions were re-applied, the respec

We study the relationship between age, metallicity, and alpha-enhancement of FGK stars in the Galactic disk. The results are based upon the analysis of high-resolution UVES spectra from the Gaia-ESO large stellar survey. We explore the limitations of the observed dataset, i.e. the accuracy of stellar parameters and the selection effects that are caused by the photometric target preselection. We fi

An iterative decoding threshold analysis for terminated regular LDPC convolutional (LDPCC) codes is presented. Using density evolution techniques, the convergence behavior of an iterative belief propagation decoder is analyzed for the binary erasure channel and the AWGN channel with binary inputs. It is shown that for a terminated LDPCC code ensemble, the thresholds are better than for correspondi

Background: Biomass combustion contributes to the production of ambient particulate matter (PM) in rural environments as well as urban settings, but relatively little is known about the health effects of these emissions. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize airway responses in humans exposed to wood smoke PM under controlled conditions. Nineteen healthy volunteers were exposed to bo

A numerical model of beach topography evolution was developed. The model includes five sub-models: random wave transformation model, surface roller model, wave-induced current model, sediment transport model, and morphological change model. The model was validated by two unique high-quality data sets obtained from experiments on the morphological impact of a detached breakwater and a T-head groin

Popular Abstract in English Sweden’s elderly population is growing, propelled by a continuous decline in old-age mortality, while coupled with a persistent replacement level fertility. This changing age structure increases the per worker cost of providing a given age-vector of per capita benefits, encompassing costs for pensions, health care, and all other type of old-age welfare services, which pSweden’s elderly population is growing, propelled by a continuous decline in old-age mortality, while coupled with a persistent replacement level fertility. This changing age structure increases the per worker cost of providing a given age-vector of per capita benefits, encompassing costs for pensions, health care, and all other type of old-age welfare services, which presents a looming challenge

Popular Abstract in English Fuel cells have been considered as alternative power source to petroleum oil. Especially, fuel cells have potentials to provide no pollutant emission (e.g., CO2, NOx, SOx) out of the power generation. For instance, once the fuel cells are installed instead of combustion engine in the cars used for commuting, transportation and leisure, the amount of pollutant emission cFuel cells are considered as a promising alternative environmentally benign power source to the existing ones depending on petroleum oil. Especially, proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been intensively developed during the last decade because of their wide application windows including various portable, stationary and transportation applications. The market has been and will be main

Coherent dynamics of coupled molecules are effectively characterized by the two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. Depending on the coupling between electronic and vibrational states, oscillating signals of purely electronic, purely vibrational or mixed character are observed with the help of oscillation maps, constructed from time-resolved spectra. Amplitude of beatings caused by electronic coh

In 3 open-label studies, the systemic bioavailability of budesonide and formoterol administered via pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) or dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations was evaluated in asthma (24 children, 55 adults) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; n = 26) patients. Treatments were administered at doses high enough to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters reliably. Two o

Symmetric protein dimers, trimers, and higher-order cyclic oligomers play key roles in many biological processes. However, structural studies of oligomeric systems by solution NMR can be difficult due to slow tumbling of the system and the difficulty in identifying NOE interactions across protein interfaces. Here, we present an automated method (RosettaOligomers) for determining the solution struc

AimsTo determine whether antivirus and/or islet cell antibodies can be detected in healthy pregnant mothers without diabetes and/or their offspring at birth in two winter viral seasons. MethodsMaternal and cord blood sera from 107 healthy pregnant women were tested for islet cell autoantibodies using radioligand binding assays and for anti-rotavirus and anti-CoxB3 antibody using an enzyme-linked i