Universum tros ha en diameter på kring 93 miljarder ljusår. Det är därför svårt att tänka sig att hela universum en gång i tiden fick plats i en enda punkt för 13,8 miljarder år sedan. Sen kom den stora smällen! Det som följde var troligen en kort period av väldigt snabb expansion. På samma sätt som ett jetplan som accelererar förbi ljudvallen resulterar i en ljudbang, borde den snabba expansionenIn this thesis, the consequences of introducing Yang-Mills fields into cosmology are investigated. This is done by the effective action approach, in which the coupling constant is allowed to depend on the quantum fields. The equation of state and scale factor are then found for the flat universe filled with either chromoelectric or chromomagnetic fields. From this, we draw conclusions about the hi

The common cold may affect an individual's life, or socio-economic development. This study investigated the effect of a probiotic product (mixed strains) on colds and changes in the oral microbiome. The study included 45 subjects, 23 taking the probiotic product (probiotic groups) and 22 taking the placebo (placebo-control group). The number of colds and duration of colds were investigated sep

As climate change adaptation becomes more mainstreamed, there has been an increasing focus on incorporating local knowledge to ensure equitable adaptation pathways. However, adaptation discourses prioritize scientific understandings of climate change, ignoring epistemological differences in knowing climate change. Interventions treat space as inert and fail to consider how spatial relationships co

Konsekvenserna av att missbedöma framtida försäljning kan för en restaurang vara förödande. Optimistiska prognoser kan leda till överbemanning och matsvinn. Å andra sidan kan pessimistiska prognoser leda till att personal måste ringas in i sista stund vilket skapar en dålig arbetsmiljö för de anställda. I en undersökning från Hotell- och Restaurangfacket angav 59 % att de har problem att planera sWithin the restaurant industry it is common practice to plan staffing and purchases of perishable goods based on intuition. Inaccurate predictions of demand and sales lead to poor working environments and food waste, both being significant challenges for the industry. While digitalization and innovation has enabled accurate data driven sales forecasting methods, many players in the restaurant indu

When working with object detection, the quality and quantity of the training data is often a recurrent bottleneck. This thesis proposes a technique of incrementally improving an object detector using synthetically rendered data. The current training data within the field of focus is limited, and creating new data comes with significant integrity and security risks. By creating synthetic images whe

Dynamic Shear Rheometer, DSR, blev central i samband med lanseringen av Superpave-metoden och är ett instrument som kan användas för att bedöma asfaltsegenskaper. Instrumentet kunde i ett tidigt skede av Superpave-metoden inte utföra mätningar vid låga temperaturer och fick för det ändamålet kompletteras med apparaten Bending Beam Rheometer, BBR. För att få en mer heltäckande översikt över bitumenThe Dynamic Shear Rheometer, DSR, became central in connection with the launch of the Superpave methodology and is an instrument that can be used to assess asphalt properties. The instrument could at an early stage of the Superpave methodology not perform measurements at low temperatures and had to be supplemented with the device Bending Beam Rheometer, BBR, for that purpose. To obtain a more comp

The airline industry has been on a steady rise the last couple of decades and so has the range of different kinds of digital entertainment options onboard commercial airliners. As the technology onboard airliners has become more and more advanced, the possibility to offer passengers different kinds of digital experiences have risen. Most airline companies nowadays offer large movie libraries, sing

Market opportunity analysis (MOA) frameworks are tools used to assess a firm’s potential in a new market and are an important resource for firms considering expanding. Some of these tools are intended for initial high-level screening of markets, while others are more comprehensive analysis tools. These MOA frameworks are increasingly crucial in a modern business context, as the internet has brough

With an increased amount and availability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other remote sensing devices (e.g. satellites) we have recently seen an explosion in computer vision methodologies tailored towards processing and understanding aerial view data. One application for such technologies is in the area of search-and-rescue (SAR), where the task is to localize and assist one or several peo

MIND (2021) flaggar för en växande problematik med psykisk ohälsa. Kultur har positiv inverkan på folkhälsan, vilket visas i en rapport beställd av WHO (Fancourt & Finn, 2019) och Theorell (2009; 2014; 2018) lyfter särskilt musiken och dess positiva inverkan på människor. Ruud (2001) hävdar att kulturen också bör ta ansvar för att stärka folkhälsan. Mot bakgrund av detta undersöker vi som musiMIND (2021) raises a warning flag for the growing problem concerning mental health. The arts has a positive effect on the public health, which is shown in a report ordered by the WHO (Fancourt & Finn, 2019) and Theorell (2009, 2014 och 2018) highlights music and its positive influence on people. Ruud (2001) claims that the arts also should take responsibility in strengthening the public health

In increasingly turbulent environments, intrapreneurship has proven to be a crucial factor for established companies’ success and survival, showing a positive impact on innovation and organizational performance. Despite the strong importance that current research attaches to entrepreneurial employees in existing corporations, there remains a very limited understanding of their decision-making. The

Tropical deforestation, primarily driven by the expansion of agricultural land use, is responsible for significant global CO2 emissions, threatening current climate goals. Indonesia experiences one of the highest deforestation rates, endangering its rich biodiversity and human health. Global demand for Indonesia's crops is a critical force behind its increasing deforestation. Recent bilateral

The importance of indigenous knowledges has been acknowledged in biodiversity conservation, but practical engagement with them in decision-making is still lacking. In this thesis, I study this contradiction in the context of Finland and the indigenous Sámi. By conducting a case study on how Sámi traditional knowledge (STK) is addressed in the ongoing Nature Conservation Act reform, I politicize Fi

En informativ ursprungsmärkning av el? Vet du vad cirkeldiagrammet som de flesta svenska elkunder får på sin elhandelsfaktura betyder? Har du tagit del av informationen som redovisas i den? Har du förstått informationens innebörd? Om svaret är nej på dessa frågor är du förmodligen inte ensam. Denna studie har kartlagt denna information som finns på elhandelsfakturor, så-kallad ursprungsmärkning aArticle 3(6) of the European Union Directive 2003/54/EC, enshrined in Swedish law through the electricity law (Ellag, SFS 1997:857), lays down the requirement of electricity disclosure. Electricity suppliers are to provide consumers with information about the origin of their electricity and its environmental impacts. The law as well as additional recommendations by the responsible authority, Energ

The purpose of this study is to explore what organisational capabilities are needed to monetise on the value of a digital transaction platform during a business model transformation. The study brings forward six capabilities which are divided into the three themes: enable, create and capture. To enable value on the platform, the capabilities innovative mindset and supportive leadership are assumed

Det finns ett ökat behov av att mäta både människor och förändringsprocesser. Icke- statliga organisationer (NGO:er), stater och forskningen behöver hitta metoder och verktyg för att säkerställa att traktat, program och strategier som är ämnade att minska fattigdom och öka jämställdhet fungerar. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur Oxfam och ActionAid mäter social förändring inom kvinnors rThe need to measure and track both people and processes involved in change is increasing. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), states, and research need to find tools to ensure that the treaties, programmes, and strategies meant to reduce poverty and increase equality are working. This thesis aims to study how Oxfam and ActionAid measure social change in women’s rights. Regarding women’s rights,

Food's impact on the climate is getting more awareness, leading to an interest in finding possible solutions. One such is to use waste products to create new products. Sunflower press cake (SFPC) is a waste product from sunflower oil production with great potential because of its high protein content. The nutritional content, as well as its physicochemical properties, are affected by the sourc

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur turismaktörer på en säsongsdestination arbetar med hållbar utveckling och hur de hanterar problematik kring säsongsvariationer. Vi vill mer specifikt undersöka vilken roll de sociala och miljömässiga hållbarhetsaspekterna har i arbetet med hållbar utveckling. Genom exemplet Kullahalvön kommer vi att illustrera hur en säsongsdestination bemöter mö

En undersökning av biobaserade råvaror i en gummiprodukt som används i bilindustrin Gummiindustrin strävar efter att tillverka fler hållbara produkter för att jobba för samhällets miljömål. Denna undersökning har utgått ifrån en befintlig produkt som tillverkas av Trelleborg Industri AB och genom utbyte av råvaror försökt göra produkten mer hållbar. I dagens samhälle står vi inför stora utmaniThis thesis is focused on finding more sustainable substitutes for raw materials in a rubber product that is produced today at Trelleborg Industri AB. The rubber compound consists of a polymer blend of epichlorohydrin and nitrile-butadiene rubber, fillers, plasticizer. There are some other materials as well that are not in focus in this project. Several different raw materials are investigated and

Framväxandet av artificiell intelligens (AI) inom den kreativa sektorn ger upphov till nya juridiska utmaningar. Den här uppsatsen undersöker originalitet och kreativitet inom EU:s upphovsrättsliga ramverk. Utifrån upphovsrättens historiska utveckling (exempelvis fotograferingens tillkomst) och informationsålderns moderna upphovsrättsmiljö analyseras koncepten ‘verk’ och ‘originalitet’ i EU-domstoThe emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the creative sector brings about new legal challenges. This thesis examines originality and creativity within the EU copyright framework by drawing on historical developments in copyright law, such as the introduction of photography, and the modern copyright environment of the information age. The concepts of ‘work’ and ‘originality’ ar