Abstract To estimate the timescale of hepatitis B virus (HBV) evolutionary history and analyzing its phylogeographic patterns, publically available HBV sequences were collected from GenBank. Among those, 412 sequences were from genotype A and 566 sequences were from genotype D. These sequences comprised the entire genome and represented samples obtained between 1982 and 2009 from different parts

The debate about evidence based practice has been going on for over twenty years in Sweden without any real conclusion. The purpose of this study was with Bourdieu’s theory about culture production and a discourse analytic approach, highlight the arguments in the debate and the beliefs and assumptions about the evidence based practices on which they are based. The aim was also to investigate the r

Abstract We studied the effects of UV-A radiation and predatory fish on mantle pigmentation of freshwater snails Radix balthica. The results showed that UV radiation and fish chemical cue induce larger ratios of pigmented area on mantle, respectively and when combined. UV radiation and predatory fish chemical cue seem to affect mantle pigmentation independently. The ratios (0~100%) of pigmented ma

Parasitter og cytokiner i en naturlig populasjon I naturen finner vi utallige eksempler på arter som har spesialisert seg på å utnytte andre arter for næring, trygghet og overlevelse. Denne spesialiseringen kalles parasitisme, og har ofte en kostnad for verten i form av redusert helse og livskvalitet. Hos däggdjur, er en stor parasittgruppe innvollsparasitter. nematoder som lever i tarmene og sugAbstract In nature, the coexistence of parasites and hosts has been an important factor in evolution of the immune system, which can be found in all plants and animals. As parasitic infections are by definition affect overall fitness of the host, it is important for the host to be able to counteract the detrimental effects of infections. To ensure this, signaling molecules, known as cytokines, e

De flesta makar och sambor bor tillsammans i en fastighet eller i en lägenhet som de vanligtvis betraktar som deras gemensamma bostad. Inte ovanligt är att fastigheten utgör en lantbruksfastighet eller att någon av parterna bedriver näringsverksamhet i bostaden. För makar och sambor finns i äktenskapsbalken respektive sambolagen ett par skydds¬regler som kan bli tillämpliga vid en separation mellaThe majority of married couples and co-habitants live together in rented or owned accommodation which they usually consider to be their joint property. It is not unusual that the property is an agricultural property or that one half of the couple use the property for business purposes. There are protective provisions in The Marriage Code and also in The Cohabitees Act which are relevant in case of

I Sverige är diabetes typ 1 en av de vanligaste kroniska sjukdomarna hos barn. Den största incidensökning finns bland barn yngre än fem år. Övergripande mål för diabetesbehandling är en god metabol kontroll med egenvårdskunskaper som föräldrarna och barnen får i samband med insjuknandet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka föräldrarnas tillfredställelse med vården 6 månader efter att deras barn d

Små regulatoriska molekyler i vårt blod Sedan det mänskliga genomet kartlades i början av 2000-talet har stora upptäckter gjorts och teknikutvecklingen har gått fort. Dagens sekvenseringsmaskiner är kraftfulla och kan sekvensera hela det mänskliga genomet på bara två dagar. I mitt masterarbete har jag undersökt små korta RNA-molekyler i mänskligt blod. Denna typ av molekyler är mycket lovande somAbstract In recent years focused research aimed at finding new specific and sensitive biomarkers for detection, classification and, monitoring of human cancers has been ongoing. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, 19-24 nucleotides, noncoding RNAs that are stably expressed in body fluids such as blood. These circulating RNAs have shown great promise as biomarkers, because the unique expression patterns

Popular science Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are a versatile group of non-methane hydrocarbons (chemical compounds made of carbon and hydrogen) emitted by vegetation. The most common BVOCs from plants are some chemical compounds like isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. BVOCs are involved in plant growth, reproduction and defense mechanisms. Besides, BVOC play an important rol

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This thesis studies the American presidential election of 2012 and the phenomena called third party candidates. Third party is a term that refers to all other parties besides the major two in American politics. More specifically the method used is a content analysis and the analyzed material is news articles from 20 American daily newspapers. These third parties rarely get any attention and usuall

This paper is a qualitative case study of the implementation of Security Sector Reforms and Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programs in the newly independent South Sudan. The objective of the analysis is to give an understanding of how the implementation of these programs would contribute to legitimate, effective and efficient juridical systems and security sectors in the war torn so

Den här uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur migrantarbetares rättigheter är skyddade inom folkrätt och mänskliga rättigheter. Efter en kort introduktion till internationell migration som fenomen samt de relevanta folkrättsliga normerna övergår uppsatsen till att behandla utlänningars ställning inom mänskliga rättigheter, genom en undersökning av tre av FN:s konventioner för mänskliga rättighetThis thesis examines the international protection of migrant workers. After a brief description of the migration phenomenon and the corresponding international legal framework, the position of aliens under human rights law is addressed through a review of three human rights conventions adopted within the framework of the United Nations. Following that, focus is turned to the international conventi

Fuktdokumentationen för många moderna byggskivor är i nuläget bristfällig, vilket skapar svårigheter i projekteringen. Ett av problemen är skivor som utsatts för stora variationer av relativ fuktighet i dess omgivning. Fuktbetingade rörelser kan leda till problem, då materialet sväller och krymper i takt med att fuktinnehållet ändras. Sprickor i ytmaterialet och välvning i skivan, är exempel på nåMoisture documentation for many modern building boards are currently inadequate, which creates difficulties in planning constructions. One of the problems is when the board is being exposed to large variations of the relative humidity of its surroundings. Moisture movements could lead to problems if the material swells and shrinks as the moisture content changes. Cracks in the surface material and

As fossil based fuels are ever more proving to be an unsustainable energy-resource, it is of critical importance to find a new way to deliver power to the worlds vehicles in order to anticipate an ever-growing population and sustain economic growth. The task is complicated but very achievable from a technological point of view. It is however greatly overshadowed in complexity when it comes to educ

Abstract The yeast Dekkera/Brettanomyces bruxellensis is a distant relative of baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and either has positive or negative effects to beverage flavor development. D. bruxellensis and S. cerevisiae display several similar traits which play very important roles in food industry, such as production of high ethanol levels. In our lab, we determined and annotated the 13.

Lite mer än ett decennium efter skapandet av Napster är piratkopieringens ekonomiska inverkan på musikindustrins intäkter, konsumenternas välfärd och utbudet av ny musik fortfarande under debatt. Det finns en utbredd oro att omfattande piratkopiering leder till negativa långsiktiga välfärdseffekter för såväl producenter som konsumenter. I den här uppsatsen genomförs en kvalitativ studie av piratko

Uppsatsens syfte var att analysera hur läkemedelsassisterad behandling vid opiatberoende textuellt konstrueras och konstitueras genom språket i åtta textdokument producerade dels av Socialstyrelsen och dels av Region Skåne. Uppsatsen har en socialkonstruktionistisk hållning med en syn på språket som tillträde till den empiriska verkligheten vilket utgör utgångspunkt för det diskursanalytiska angreAuthor: Terese Farkas Title: Medication-assisted treatment for opiate dependence - A critical discourse analysis Supervisor: Leili Laanemets Assessor: Håkan Jönson och Torbjörn Hjort The aim of this study was to analyze how the medication-assisted treatment for opiate dependence textually constructed and constituted through language in a number of text documents produced partly by the National Boa