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Studies on how small states act within the international system are usually performed using the major theories in international relations. After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Sweden applied for a membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Nato). This thesis’s purpose is to gain knowledge on how strategic narratives were used to legitimize policy changes in a nation that has been

This case study investigates the involvement of private military companies (PMCs) in two African conflicts. Nigeria and Mozambique hired PMCs in 2014 and 2019 respectively to combat internal insurgencies. The paper aims to answer why these countries hired PMCs and if the PMCs were successful in combating the insurgencies. For the first question, the intensity of the insurgency and the state of the

This thesis combines regional security complex theory and relational peace in a theoretical framework which is used to analyze the relationship between Armenia and Russia to the backdrop of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Using qualitative content analysis, important events and statements concerning the relationship before and after the war are analyzed, respectivel

Why are women more vulnerable to climate change? What factors explain womens’ position of vulnerability regarding climate change? How are the daily lives of women affected by the consequences of climate change? Do they understand climate change as violence? These are only a few of the questions that will be addressed throughout this paper. My frustration regarding the fact that many people are bei

Quantum entanglement is a crucial component for many applications in quantum technology. In recent years it has therefore become of great interest to develop methods for generating, controlling and storing entanglement. In 2015, it was shown that a two-qubit engine could generate stationary entanglement exploiting the incoherent interactions with its environment. However, the entanglement generate

Over the last two decades, Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) has come under increased scrutiny from academics and the public alike. Despite this, there remains a crucial need for further research to understand the variations and extent of CRSV across conflicts. This thesis introduces natural resource conflicts as a variable of interest, by examining the relationship between natural resource

When conflict is protracted, there can be a perception of impossibility regarding change of the situation towards peace or transformation as the conflict has defied this and persisted despite time and efforts. This study aims to investigate if and how imagination can be used in conflict transformation, despite this perceived impossibility, by applying a qualitative method and conducting a textual

The objective of this thesis is to analyse how masculinities inside the SwAF are manifested as well as how these affect the civil life of male soldiers. This is achieved by using a set of individual case studies where semi-structured interviews serve as the main data. To study masculinities I chose to use Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinities. In addition to this, I used Annika Kronsell

This paper aims to discuss peace and its understanding with regards to peace education in Swedish curriculums. The purpose of the paper is to focus on education and peace since peace can be so many different things and different understandings of peace can result in conflict since people are referring to different things. Peace education is important to research since it provides worldviews and kn

The background to this master´s thesis is a decision by the regional council in Scania, Region Skåne, to preserve all medical records forever. Through the examination of documents and interviews with people associated with the regional archives, and by using Scandinavian institutional theory and time theory, this study looks into how the decision by the regional council is understood and implement

Klimatförändringarnas farliga effekter på människor är ett faktum. Det är emellertid viktigt att notera att klimatförändringarnas effekter inte endast påverkar oss människor. Normativa ramverk har etablerats för olika tillvägagångssätt på klimatförändringarna, där uppfattningen om människans roll i förståelsen av klimatförändringarna och den rådande krisen är splittrad. Syftet med denna kandidatAnthropogenic climate change's harmful effects on human beings, especially the most disadvantaged, are widely acknowledged. However, the impact extends beyond humans, resulting in species extinction and biodiversity loss. Consequently, climate change poses a significant threat to the survival of both humans and multispecies. This thesis critically examines Simon Caney's approach on anthro

Migration studies have generally focused either on broad drivers that are difficult to operationalize, such as quality of life and standard of living, or a few specific, predominantly economic, drivers. Hence, broader explanations for migration have been understudied, especially quantitively. Similarly, peace studies have traditionally favored narrow conceptualizations of peace. This study aims to

The following essay aims to investigate how provisions on political participation in the Final Accord have been implemented in Colombia, and what the challenges for implementing such agonistic principles are. Colombia classifies as an extreme case in the sense that the peace accord is regarded as highly agonistic, and provisions on political participation are selected based on connections to agoni

Som ett resultat av den ryska invasionen av Ukraina har miljontals människor flytt till andra europeiska länder, varpå en andel tog sig till Sverige. Under 2015 tog Sverige också emot många flyktingar, varav majoriteten var från Syrien och Afghanistan. Media rapporterar ofta om ukrainska flyktingar och därför syftar denna uppsats till att jämföra och analysera hur diskurserna för de ukrainska och Title: How does the view of refugees in Swedish newspapers differ between the years 2015-2016 and 2022-2023? A critical discourse analysis of how refugees are discussed in the media depending on their origin. As a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, millions of people have fled to other European countries, whereupon a proportion made their way to Sweden. In 2015 Sweden also received many r

In a changing world order, emerging middle powers from the global South may seek new positions in international societies. Using the United Nations as an international society, this thesis aims to investigate what roles the emerging middle powers, Brazil and South Africa, enact in pursuing permanent seats at the Security Council. This research conducts a qualitative text analysis using official da

Mot bakgrund av gängkriminalitetens stora mediala och politiska utrymme syftar denna uppsats till att undersöka ifall den politiska debatten om gängkriminalitet avhumaniserar ’gängkriminella’. Politiker besitter makt över människors uppfattningar om problem och människorna de berör, därför utgör politikers språkanvändning kring en utsatt grupp ett viktigt analysföremål. En allt repressivare debattAgainst the background of gang criminality’s large media and political space, this essay aims to investigate whether the political debate about gang criminality dehumanizes ‘gang criminals’. Politicians have power over people’s perceptions of problems and the people they affect, therefore politicians’ discourse about a vulnerable group is an important object of analysis. An increasingly repressive

According to the UCDP database, roughly 60% of all armed conflicts between 1944 and 2016 have recurred, an issue which has become increasingly incorporated into the framework of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Economist Paul Collier has theorized upon the importance of economic recovery for building sustainable peace, proposing that economic recovery should be the true exit point of UN pea

The thesis investigates discourses on sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression in national addresses performed by Russian President Vladimir Putin since the large-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. It applies an embedded approach of Critical Discourse Analysis and Queer Linguistics to disseminate how such discourses are produced by Putin in the war. The theoretical approach of

Issuing amnesty in the aftermath of violent conflict is a debated topic within Peace and Conflict studies. This thesis intends to contribute to the debate by investigating how the amnesty issued for Kurdish collaborators of the genocide in 1988, influences reconciliation in Iraqi Kurdistan. To achieve this, a content analysis of statements and news articles is employed to analyze the government

In recent years incel (involuntary celibate) perpetuated violence has escalated in the United States. Incels are motivated by deeply rooted misogynistic assumptions, which dehumanises women and promotes degradation and violence towards the group. Despite evidence of escalation research shows that there still are limited perceptions of this violence as a serious threat. Drawing from ideas of femini