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Ex vivo histology remains the gold standard against which MRI biophysical models, e.g. the MR g-ratio which characterises the fraction of a fibre’s diameter that is myelinated, are evaluated. The MR g-ratio model requires a measure of myelin density, for which magnetization transfer saturation (MT) has been used as a biomarker. However, changes occurring post mortem, e.g. autolysis, temperature ch

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous blood disease which is characterized by different mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Nearly 60% of genetic alterations have been found in AML patients involve in signaling pathways including signaling of tyrosine kinase receptor FLT3. FLT3 mutations emerged as one of the most common mutations in AML which represent around 35% of all AML

This article analyses the visions, careers, and companies of Jack Ma of Alibaba and Geng Le of Blue City. Jack Ma is a well-known business leader and visionary, whereas the less well-known Geng Le only began to receive more attention since launching a successful gay dating app in 2012. The article focuses on the personal narratives and visions of these two IT entrepreneurs. It provides new perspec

This special issue approaches information and communication technologies (ICT) visions and their realisation/implementation at various levels, among different actors and from var- ious perspectives. Conceptually, we distinguish three different dimensions, even though those overlap in the individual contributions as well as in empirical reality – namely ideation- al, instrumental, and relational. T

Purpose Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) are a major cause of lamotrigine (LTG) discontinuation. Remarkable variation in their reported incidence suggests confounders and diverse terms and definitions. The aim of this study was to identify immunological cADRs and to throw light on classification and differential diagnoses in children and adults. Methods Hospital records of 2683 patients wi

Visualizing geographical phenomena often involve communication of information and relationships through a map in either 2D or 3D. In many cases, the information conveyed through the map is a simplified and symbolic depiction of phenomena that is visible in our physical environment. However, maps are also effective for the communication of geographical phenomena that are hidden or are by nature “in

We evaluate a natural experiment at a Swedish university, in which students were randomized to either taking all their courses online, or to have some courses online and some on campus (blended learning). Our setting creates two groups for the online courses: One group with no access to campus whatsoever, and one group treated with campus classes in parallel, but unrelated, courses. We show that c

Inflammatory airway diseases and lower respiratory tract infections are leading causes of severe illness, disability and death worldwide. Much of today´s hypotheses about the underlying inflammatory processes and pathogenic contribution by immune cells come from in vitro experiments or animal models. As a consequence, our knowledge of the actual immunopathological events in real patient tissues is

Chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis are characterized by a deficit in fully functional regulatory T cells. DNA-methylation inhibitors have previously been shown to promote regulatory T cell responses and, in the present study, we evaluated their potential to ameliorate chronic and acute animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. Of the drugs tested, decitabine was the most effectiv

The response to the COVID-19 pandemic have been driven by epidemiology, health system characteristics and control measures in form of social/physical distancing. Guidance, information and best practices have been characterized by territorial thinking with concentration on national health system and social contexts. Information was to a large extent provided from global entities such as the World H

Food texture affects palatability. A new study finds that the common dew fly Drosophila melanogaster is also choosy when it comes to food texture. Flies evaluate size and presence of food particles through neurons in the tongue that express the mechanically activated channel protein TMEM63.

It has been suggested that sugar intake may play a role in the development of atherosclero-sis. However, studies on this matter are lacking. Intima media thickness (IMT) is a well-established measurement of subclinical atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between sugar intake (i.e., added, free and total sugar and sugar-rich foods and beverages) and IMT.

Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. To determine the effects of different regimens of systemic opioid analgesics in neonates (term or preterm) undergoing surgery, on mortality, pain and major neurodevelopmental disability. These different regimens may include: different doses of the same opioid; different routes of administration of

In a community effort to combat sample mislabeling in multi-omic studies, computational solutions received show a wide range of accuracy. The final collaborative product, COSMO, achieves high performance. Applying COSMO to published datasets demonstrates biological impact of the tool.Sample mislabeling or misannotation has been a long-standing problem in scientific research, particularly prevalent in large-scale, multi-omic studies due to the complexity of multi-omic workflows. There exists an urgent need for implementing quality controls to automatically screen for and correct sample mislabels or misannotations in multi-omic studies. Here, we describe a crowdsourced precision

Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. To determine the effects of systemic opioid analgesics in neonates (term or preterm) undergoing surgery, on mortality, pain and major neurodevelopmental disability, compared to placebo or no drug, non-pharmacological intervention, other opioids, or other analgesics or sedatives.

Multiple analogs of parathyroid hormone, all of which bind to the PTH/PTHrP receptor PTH1R, are used for patients with osteoporosis and hypoparathyroidism. Although ligands such as abaloparatide, teriparatide (hPTH 1-34 [TPTD]), and long-acting PTH (LA-PTH) show distinct biologic effects with respect to skeletal and mineral metabolism endpoints, the mechanistic basis for these clinically-important

Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism and is caused by an interplayof genetic and environmental factors. One-third of patients with GD develop Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). Keyprocesses in the pathogenesis of GO are inflammation and adipogenesis in orbital tissue. Strong risk factorsassociated with the development of GO are smoking and radioiodine treatment