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To overcome the blur when visualizing of the interior of a turbid media by means light-based methods, a technique called Structured Laser Illumination Planar Imaging (SLIPI) is employed. The method is based on a 'light coding' strategy to distinguish between directly and multiply scattered light, allowing the intensity from the latter to be suppressed by post-processing data. In this paper, we exp
Fractures of the proximal part of the femur, hip fractures, are common and costly. The number of hip fractures has increased in all western countries during recent decades. This has occurred mainly because of an increase in the number of elderly people and also due to an increase in the risk for hip fracture among the oldest persons. Due to an increase in ageing population all over the world there
Increased risks of certain cancers have been observed in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, data on other cancer sites/types are lacking. We analyzed systematically the risk of developing 35 common cancers in patients with HCV infection using a nationwide Swedish database. Patients with HCV infection were identified from the Swedish Hospital Inpatient and Outpatient Register
Background: Dietary risks today constitute the largest proportion of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally and in Sweden. An increasing number of people today consume highly processed foods high in saturated fat, refined sugar and salt and low in dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. It is important that dietary trends over time are monitored to predict changes in disease risk. Methods:
Understanding HIV-1 transmission dynamics is relevant to both screening and intervention strategies of HIV-1 infection. Commonly, HIV-1 transmission chains are determined based on sequence similarity assessed either directly from a sequence alignment or by inferring a phylogenetic tree. This review is aimed at both nonexperts interested in understanding and interpreting studies of HIV-1 transmissi
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of intravesical treatment and cancer-specific survival of patients with primary carcinoma in situ (CIS). Materials and methods: Data acquisition was based on the Swedish National Registry of Urinary Bladder Cancer by selecting all patients with primary CIS. The analysis covered gender, age, hospital type and hospital volume. Intravesical tre
Donald proposes that early Homo evolved mimesis as a new form of cognition. This article investigates the mimesis hypothesis in relation to the evolution of teaching. The fundamental capacities that distinguish hominin teaching from that of other animals are demonstration and pantomime. A conceptual analysis of the instructional and communicative functions of demonstration and pantomime is present
It has been widely recognized that relaying is an important method for increasing the reliability and spectral efficiency of communications systems, and it is thus helpful for improving the performance of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication systems. However, designing and evaluating V2V relay networks require understanding the effect of shadowing, as this critically impacts the performance of t
Solid fuels, such as coal and biomass, comprise a large portion of the current annual world energy supply, roughly equal to the annual oil consumption. During solid fuel combustion, certain species, though they are fairly benign outside of the combustion system, can cause damage in and around the combustion chamber. Alkali release from coal and biomass is known to cause severe problems in solid fu
Background: Cancer-related fatigue is a common problem in persons with cancer, influencing health-related quality of life and causing a considerable challenge to society. Current evidence supports the beneficial effects of physical exercise in reducing fatigue, but the results across studies are not consistent, especially in terms of exercise intensity. It is also unclear whether use of behaviour
Experiments applying saturated laser-induced fluorescence (LSF) technology were performed focusing on the influence of equivalence ratio, syngas mixture contents, on NO formation in H2/CO/CH4/CO2/N2/O2 premixed flat flames supplied by a heat flux burner. Experimental data were extracted to validate calculation by CHEMKIN software. Both experiments and CHEMKIN calculation draw one conclusion that N
The Multi-Blade is a Boron-10-based gaseous detector introduced to face the challenge arising in neutron reflectometry at pulsed neutron sources. Neutron reflectometers are the most challenging instruments in terms of instantaneous counting rate and spatial resolution. This detector has been designed to cope with the requirements set for the reflectometers at the upcoming European Spallation Sourc
Nano and micro structured thin (μ m-scale) foils were designed, fabricated and irradiated with the high intensity laser system operating at LLC (Lund Laser Centre, Sweden) in order to systematically study and improve the main proton beam parameters. Nano-spheres deposited on the front (laser irradiated) surface of a flat Mylar foil enabled a small enhancement of the maximum energy and number of th
We present a model featuring heterogeneous households with a conspicuous consumptionmotive, in which inequality can decrease financial stability, and relate this behavior to the recent financial crisis in theUSA. A natural policy conclusion would be to combat income inequality jointly with financial instability by means of a progressive system of taxes and transfers. We investigate this for the ca
One of the great challenges of modern condensed matter theory is to develop reliable and practical methods for describing the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials fully from first principles. It has been known for a long time that the widely used Kohn-Sham density functional theory within the local density approximation (LDA) often fails for these systems. This paper describes the
Some problems in biological wastewater treatment control are discussed. The reason for control is disturbances, and some important operational problems are described. The control means available for an activated sludge process are considered. Available dynamical models are reviewed briefly and a survey of current practice in control is given.
