Many everyday interactions with moving objects benefit from an accurate perception of their movement. Self-motion, however, complicates object motion perception because it generates a global pattern of motion on the observer's retina and radically influences an object's retinal motion. There is strong evidence that the brain compensates by suppressing the retinal motion due to self-motion, however

In a piloted jet flame, the pilot flame has an effect of stabilizing the main flame. Detailed mechanisms of pilot flame/main flame interaction are however not well studied. It is expected that the pilot flame affects the main flame through the following mechanisms: (a) the pilot flame provides the heat and radicals to the reaction zone of the main flame, (b) the pilot flame prevents the cold ambie

More and more people will experience thermal stress in the future as the global temperature is increasing at an alarming rate and the risk for extreme weather events is growing. The increased exposure to extreme weather events poses a challenge for societies around the world. This literature review investigates the feasibility of making advanced human thermal models in connection with meteorologic

BACKGROUND: The Nordic countries have commonalities in gender equality, economy, welfare, and health care, but differ in culture and lifestyle, which might create country-wise health differences. This study compared life expectancy, disease burden, and risk factors in the Nordic region.METHODS: Life expectancy in years and age-standardised rates of overall, cause-specific, and risk factor-specific

The murine embryonal stem (ES) cell virus (MESV) can express transgenes from the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter/enhancer in undifferentiated ES cells, but expression is turned off upon differentiation to embryoid bodies (EBs) and hematopoietic cells in vitro. We examined whether a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-based lentivirus vector pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus G pro

BACKGROUND: Anti-D treatment is effective in increasing platelet (PLT) counts in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP); however, the exact mechanism of action is unknown. Previous results have suggested that anti-D-coated red blood cells (RBCs) affect reticuloendothelial system phagocytosis by stimulating agents (e.g., reactive oxygen species) that alter signaling pathways withi

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in stimulating innate immunity by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on invading microorganisms. Platelets also play a role in innate immunity, and we studied whether they express TLR. Results show that human and murine platelets variably expressed TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 by flow cytometry and Western blotting. TLR4 expression wa

It has previously been shown that sera from multiparous women have increased levels of anti-idiotypic antibodies specific for anti-HLA molecules. γ-Globulins prepared from these sera may be superior to commercial preparations of intravenous γ-globulin (IVIg) for inhibiting HLA alloimmunization. To test this, F(ab′)2 fragments prepared from either commercial IVIg or from the sera of men or multipar

Accurate assessment of in viva or in vitro platelet activation requires optimal preanalytical conditions to prevent artefactual in vitro activation of the platelets. The choice of anticoagulant is one of the critical preanalytical conditions as anticoagulants exert different effects on the activation of platelets ex vivo. We tested the effectiveness of Diatube-H (also known as CTAD; sodium citrate

Natural killer (NK) cell activity was studied in 17 patients with primary chronic idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP). Fifteen of 17 patients had a significantly reduced NK cytotoxicity against 51chromium labeled K562 target cells (mean LU20% = 18 ± 20 in patients versus 65 = 2 5 in controls, P < 0.001). NK activity was also significantly reduced in all of six patients with second

The autonomic nerve supply of the guinea-pig ovary was investigated by a combination of light- and electron microscopy. At the light-microscopic level, adrenergic fibres were identified due to their formaldehyde-induced fluorescence. In addition, the ovary contained acetylcholinesterase-positive fibres. In all parts of the ovary, the adrenergic fibres were most numerous. At the ultrastructural lev

Consumption was one of the spheres of everyday life shaken and remoulded by the collapse of socialist regimes at the end of the 20th century. Especially in times of rapid change, a moral economies lens is a fruitful means to understand the contentious moral landscape and moral tensions that pervade consumption behaviour, norms and discourse. Important areas of consideration in post-socialist socie

Accumulating data suggest that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) exert a key function in several diseases. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) regulates NET formation via citrullination of histones. The aim of this study was to examine the role of miR-155 in controlling PAD4-dependent generation of NETs. Bone marrow neutrophils were stimulated with PMA and MIP-2. Pre-incubation of neutrophils

Shotgun proteomics based on peptide fractionation by using liquid chromatography has become the common procedure for proteomic studies, although in the very beginning of the field, protein separation by using electrophoresis was the main tool. Nonetheless, during the last two decades, the electrophoretic techniques for peptide mixtures fractionation have evolved as a result of relevant technologic

Rationale: Effective and rapid bacterial clearance is a fundamental determinant of outcomes in sepsis. DJ-1 is a well-established reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Objectives: Because cellular ROS status is pivotal to inflammation and bacterial killing, we determined the role ofDJ-1 in bacterial sepsis. Methods: We used cell and murine models with gain- A nd loss-offunction experiments, pla

Two flow cytometric parameters are generally used to quantify platelet activation as measured by P-selectin (CD62) expression: percentage and mean channel fluorescence of CD62-positive platelets (%+ and MCF+, respectively). We describe a method for calculation of indices of platelet activation for positive (IPA+) and total (IPA(Σ)) platelets, which reflect integrated amounts of CD62 expressed in t

In a murine model of platelet alloimmunization, we examined the definitive role that mononuclear cells (MC) have in modulating platelet immunity by using platelets from severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. CB.17 (H-2(d)) SCID or BALB/c (H-2(d)) mouse platelets were transfused weekly into fully allogeneic CBA (H-2(k)) mice and antidonor antibodies measured by flow cytometry. MC levels in BA

Chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) is a common hematologic disorder in which platelet-specific autoantibodies bind to platelets and enhance their destruction by the reticuloendothelial system. While there has been considerable investigation of the humoral immune abnormalities in ATP, little work has been performed on the cellular immunoregulatory aspects of this autoimmune disorder.

This chapter’s aim is to analyze how the unexpected death of a goalkeeperoriginally from Croatia became relevant for supporters of AllmännaIdrottsklubben (AIK), a Swedish football club. I argue that this particularevent drew the attention of club supporters and influenced them, due to thelarger context in which AIK was rooted.