This paper presents comparisons of utilizing direct oil cooling approaches and conventional indirect cooling approaches for electrical motors which are mounted in HEVs or ZEVs. Both finite volume Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model by FLUENT and finite element electromagnetic model by JMAG are applied to make the simulation accurate and comprehensive. Average temperature over the stator back,

A numerical implementation of a rigorous theory to analyze scattering by randomly located obstacles is presented. In general, the obstacles can be of quite arbitrary shape, but, in this first implementation, the obstacles are dielectric spheres. The coherent part of the reflected and transmitted intensity at normal incidence is treated. Excellent agreement with numerical results found in the liter

Compression ignited engines generally have higher efficiency than spark ignition engines. However, the most common combustion concept in compression ignited engines, conventional diesel combustion, struggles with high levels of particulate matter and NOx emissions. Therefore, new combustion strategies are used in compression ignited engines to reduce engine-out particulate matter and NOx emissions

Working conditions and regulations encourage everyone to participate actively in shaping the surrounding environment in order to increase the social durability. End-users’ participation during the construction process will contribute to building better products that fulfil their needs and requirements. Meanwhile the real estate administrators will achieve a long term economic success if all renter

A 24 GHz 2-path beamforming receiver front-end in 90 nm CMOS is presented. It consists of two direct conversion front-ends followed by a baseband block performing phase rotation and signal combination. The baseband phase rotation is performed by combining the quadrature phases using digitally controlled weights, achieving a phase resolution of 11 degrees. From each of the two inputs the front-end

The time-domain version of the optical theorem is discussed. The theorem relates the sum of the scattered and absorbed energies, for a plane pulse that is scattered from a bounded obstacle, to the far-field amplitude in the forward direction. Several fundamental results concerning the scattered and absorbed energies that follow from the theorem are discussed.

This paper presents results from testing of a burst detection and location technique on a water transmission pipeline. The primary targets of the method are medium and large bursts that are the result of a sudden rupture of a pipe wall or other physical element in the pipeline system. The technique is based on the continuous monitoring of the pressure in the pipeline combined with a hydraulic tran

In 1982 the Swedish diplomat and philologist Gunnar Jarring (1907-2002) donated his unique collection of manuscripts from Eastern Turkestan to the University Library in Lund. It is an extremely rich collection of Eastern Turkestan manuscripts, the third largest in the world. The manuscripts come from the periphery of the Islamic world in Central Asia, nowadays the Chinese province of Xinjiang, fro