Permafrost soils and arctic wetlands methane emissions represent an important challenge for modeling the future climate. Here we present a process-based model designed to correctly represent the main thermal, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes related to these emissions for general land surface modeling. We propose a new multilayer soil carbon and gas module within the Interaction Soil-Bio

Children with bone marrow failure syndromes and severe aplastic anemia (SAA) are treated with allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (BMT). However, there is a paucity of studies examining late mortality risk after allogeneic BMT performed in childhood for bone marrow failure syndromes and SAA and evaluating how this risk differs between these diseases. We investigated cause-specific late mort

The shape and diversity of dwarf galaxy rotation curves is at apparent odds with dark matter halos in a Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmology. We use mock data from isolated dwarf galaxy simulations to show that this owes to three main effects. Firstly, stellar feedback heats dark matter, leading to a `coreNFW' dark matter density profile with a slowly rising rotation curve. Secondly, if close to a

We present new Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) 850 μm continuum observations of the original Lyα Blob (LAB) in the SSA22 field at z = 3.1 (SSA22-LAB01). The ALMA map resolves the previously identified submillimeter source into three components with a total flux density of S 850 = 1.68 ± 0.06 mJy, corresponding to a star-formation rate of ∼150 M o yr-1. The submillimeter sources

We explore the gravitational instability of clumpy and turbulent gas discs, taking into account the Larson-type scaling laws observed in giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and H i, as well as more general scaling relations. This degree of freedom is of special interest in view of the coming high-z interstellar medium surveys and is thus potentially important for understanding the dynamical effects of t

Purpose: We applied Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods in a structured benefit–risk assessment of cladribine and newer approved disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: Decision conferencing with clinical neurologists as decision makers was used to create an MCDA model that incorporated available evidence on DMDs for RRMS

The increase in average global temperature and higherfrequency of heat waves predicted by the majority ofmeteorological models will increase the effect of heat stresson human beings. For specifically addressing the impact ofthis environmental health risk on individuals, improvedmethods including individual factors such as clothing andmetabolic rate are needed. This presentation gives anoverview of

Treatments of emissions of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) were implemented in the global Earth System model EC-Earth. These emission schemes were improved to account for the strong peaks of PBAP concentrations in connection to precipitation events, which has been measured recently. The model is now able to treat the emission of bacteria, spores and pollen in dependency of precipitatio

Prenatal exposure to the highly toxic and common pollutant cadmium has been associated with adverse effects on child health and development. However, the underlying biological mechanisms of cadmium toxicity remain partially unsolved. Epigenetic disruption due to early cadmium exposure has gained attention as a plausible mode of action, since epigenetic signatures respond to environmental stimuli a

The 450k Chip Analysis Methylation Pipeline (ChAMP) is a novel Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip data processing algorithm that allows the analysis of copy number alterations (CNAs). With this pipeline we evaluated the prevalence of CNAs in peripheral blood leukocyte samples from healthy Argentinean Andean women with varying exposure to inorganic arsenic in drinking water. Arsenic exp

Context. We present the second Gaia data release, Gaia DR2, consisting of astrometry, photometry, radial velocities, and information on astrophysical parameters and variability, for sources brighter than magnitude 21. In addition epoch astrometry and photometry are provided for a modest sample of minor planets in the solar system. Aims. A summary of the contents of Gaia DR2 is presented, accompani

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark ph

Objective: The goal of this study was to optimize robust PID control for propofol anesthesia in children aged 5-10 years to improve performance, particularly to decrease the time of induction of anesthesia while maintaining robustness.Methods: We analyzed results of a previous study conducted by our group to identify opportunities for system improvement. Allometric scaling was introduced to reduce

Aims: Chronic left atrial enlargement (LAE) increases the risk of atrial fibrillation. Electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria might provide a means to diagnose LAE and identify patients at risk; however, current criteria perform poorly. We seek to characterize the potentially differential effects of atrial dilation vs. hypertrophy on the ECG P-wave. Methods and results: We predict effects on the P-wave

As a form of active transport, cycling provides significant health benefits to the elderly. Among voluminous active transport-related literature, few studies have investigated the correlates of the cycling activity of urban elderly. This study explored the effects of individual, household, and built environment attributes on the frequency of cycling trips by urban elderly, with data collected from

Torgny Roxå and Katarina Mårtensson note that the achievement of teaching excellence is intrinsically linked with organizational structures that recognize and reward excellence. They suggest that understanding organizational structures is important in the extent to which they have the potential to either promote or jeopardize excellence. Using the three principles for governance – collegial, manag