In preindustrial society, the loss of a spouse usually impelled the surviving party to adapt quickly by choosing between certain strategies: to remain the head of the household, to remarry, to enter a household headed by a child or the spouse of child, to dissolve the household and enter into an unrelated person's household, or to migrate out of the parish. The use of competing-risk hazard models

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx (SCR) has been recognised as an effective post-combustion method for reducing nitrogen oxides from stationary sources. The cost of replacing the catalyst is a major part of the maintenance of the SCR system, hence it is desirable to advance methods to prolong the catalyst life. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate the extent and the mechanism of de

Software inspection is an efficient method to increase the quality of software products. The main purpose of software inspections is to detect faults. In order to provide support to reviewers and inspection moderators, computer support can be used. Some computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools have been developed. However, no tool provides support for the reading method, usage-based readin

Aerosol particles have, since Classical Antiquity, been linked to adverse effects on human health. It is estimated that the particles in urban air pollution causes 100 000 deaths in Europe each year, whereof 5 000 in Sweden. These figures do not include the outcomes of indoor sources or smoking, which shortens the lives of millions of people worldwide. Many studies indicate that fine particles (

We need to understand the major signalling events in human B cell differentiation in order to be able to regulate the generation of human antigen specific antibodies. This study has focused on the signalling mechanisms involved in generation of germinal centre reaction and secretion of specific antibodies by human B cells, using different in vitro immunisation technologies. Naive human B cells tha

Coherent vector meson production in peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions is discussed. These interactions may occur for impact parameters much larger than the sum of the nuclear radii. Since the vector meson production is always localized to one of the nuclei, the system acts as a two-source interferometer in the transverse plane. By tagging the outgoing nuclei for Coulomb dissociation it is poss

Popular Abstract in Swedish All materia i vår värld består av protoner, neutroner och elektroner. För att förstå hur materian byggs upp av dessa partiklar behöver vi även förstå hur nukleonerna (protonerna och neutronerna) samt elektronerna (som vi i dagsläget anser vara grundläggande, "elementära") är uppbyggda, samt hur dess beståndsdelar (i fallet med nukleonerna) växelverkar med varandra. HERAHard QCD processes have been studied by measuring the di-jet event rate for deep inelastic scattering in the kinematic range 5 < Q2 < 100 GeV2 and 10-4 < x < 10-2. The jets we re reconstructed using the cone algorithm in the hadronic center-of-mass frame in which the transverse momentum of the jets were required to be greater than 5 GeV. The result of the investigation is that using Leading Order

Undersökningen behandlar relationerna mellan Sverige och Tyskland från 1890-talet och fram till första världskriget med fokus på tillkomsten av 1906 års svensk-tyska handelstraktat. De handelspolitiska förbindelserna sätts här i relation till den inrikes- och säkerhetspolitiska situationen i respektive land och ses mot bakgrund av de maktpolitiska förhållandena och den handelspolitiska utvecklinge

The world production of paper and paperboard products, which increased 3.3% per year since 1980, reached 243 million tonnes in 1991 and is expected to continue to grow by about 2.5% per year over the next decade. Consumption levels in 1990 ranged from 2.8 kg per capita in India to 313 kg per capita in the United States. The biggest producers of pulp are the United States, Canada and the Scandinavi

This thesis concerns the role of sediment-living macrobenthos in the cycling of nitrogen species and nitrogen transformation in eutrophic freshwater sediments. In my thesis I have, employing 15N-isotope techniques in laboratory experiments, shown the importance of infaunal chironomid larvae and oligochaetes on denitrification in eutrophic lake sediments. Investigated benthic organisms not only ex

Tolerances are an important part of production where the desire to produce quality products have to be weighed against the increased production costs. The desired tolerance will influence the choice of both production method as well as the machine used. Given that machining is an adequate production method, variation of the required surface roughness will imply a variation of the part cost which n