Context: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, inhibits glucagon secretion at hyperglycemia but appears to enhance glucagon counterregulation during hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.Objective:The objective of the investigation was to study whether vildagliptin also improves α-cell function in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Patients and Methods: The study was a single-center, double-blind, ra

This paper discusses the impact of flexibility when designing a Viterbi decoder for both convolutional and TCM codes. Different trade-offs have to be considered in choosing the right architecture for the processing blocks and the resulting hardware penalty is evaluated. We study the impact of symbol quantization that degrades performance and affects the wordlength of the rate-flexible trellis data

Calmodulin is an essential Ca2+-binding protein that binds to a variety of targets that carry out critical signaling functions. We describe the proteomic characterization of mouse brain Ca2+-calmodulin-binding proteins that were purified using calmodulin affinity chromatography. Proteins in the eluates from four different affinity chromatography experiments were identified by 1-DE and in-gel diges

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects a course of instruction about irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) might have on symptoms, psychological well-being, and medical care requirements in these patients. Methods: Twenty-nine women with IBS participated in a programme of instruction on medical care, physical activity, stress-management, diet and health insurance. The women complet

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) is characterized by defects in insulin secretion and action. Impaired glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is believed to be one of the earliest features in the natural history of T2DM, although underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Methods and Findings We combined human insulin/glucose clamp physiological studies with genome-wide expression profiling to id

INTRODUCTION: Patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis have an increased risk of developing carcinoma both in the bile ducts and in the colon. PURPOSE: To investigate whether this patient group also has an increased risk of developing atrophy and neoplasia in the deal pouch mucosa after construction of a pelvic pouch with an ileoanal anastomosis or a continent Kock ileos

Each neural unit (cartridge) in the first optic ganglion (lamina) of the nocturnal bee Megalopta genalis contains nine receptor cell axons (6 short and 3 long visual fibres), and four different types of first-order interneurons, also known as L-fibres (L1 to L4) or lamina monopolar cells. The short visual fibres terminate within the lamina as three different types (svf 1, 2, 3). The three long vis

Monolith columns from macroporous polyacrylamide gel were grafted with polycations, poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (polyDMAEMA), (2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-trimethyl ammonium chloride (polyMETA) and partially quaternized polyDMAEMA prepared via treating polyDMAEMA-grafted columns with propylbromide. The polymer grafting degrees varied between 34 and 110%. The polycation-grafted monolith

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate, in a nationwide study, the inter-observer variation and performance in interpretations of bone scans regarding the presence or absence of bone metastases. Methods Bone scan images from 59 patients with breast or prostate cancer, who had undergone scintigraphy due to suspected bone metastatic disease, were studied. The patients were selected to

Background: Previous studies have shown that high fiber intake is associated with lower mortality. However, little is known about the association of dietary fiber with specific causes of death other than cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the relation between fiber intake, mortality, and cause-specific mortality in a large European prospective study of 452

In the wake of preventive thinking, attention has turned towards a life cycle perspective of products. Businesses can no longer ignore the environmental impacts of the products outside the borders of their own facilities. Consequently companies are now extending their environmental considerations beyond their internal production to include the environmental performance of their suppliers and suppl

Levels of circulating glucose are tightly regulated. To identify new loci influencing glycemic traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46,186 nondiabetic participants. Follow-up of 25 loci in up to 76,558 additional subjects identifi

The next generation of telescopes, the Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs), will have a multitude Of control loops to maintain nearly diffraction-limited performance in the presence of atmospheric turbulence and external disturbances, for instance from wind. Integrated simulation models combining structural and optical modeling together with control system modeling are efficient tools for prediction

High-resolution palaeoecological proxies of pollen, macrofossils and diatoms from an isolation lake provide a long-term record of the Holocene landscape history and shoreline displacement on the Biskopsmala Peninsula in central Blekinge, SE Sweden. During the Preboreal/Boreal transition, the peninsula was sparsely vegetated by woodlands, along with lateglacial dwarf shrub/steppe communities. The l

Background: Experimental studies suggest that surgical injury may up- or down-regulate nociceptive function. Therefore, the aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of elective arthroscopically assisted knee surgery on nociceptive responses to a heat injury. Methods: Seventeen patients scheduled to undergo repair of the anterior cruciate ligament and 16 healthy controls were studied.

The solid-state phase behaviour of lyophilised n-dodecyl-beta-D-glucoside (beta-C(12)G(1)), n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside (beta-C(12)G(2)) and n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltotrioside (beta-C(12)G(3)) has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray techniques. For beta-C(12)G(1), lyophilisation results in a formation of a crystalline anhydrate. The lamellar spacing (37 angstrom) is c

Objective: To build on Achenbach, Rescorla, and Ivanova (2012) by (a) reporting new international findings for parent, teacher, and self-ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report, and Teacher's Report Form; (b) testing the fit of syndrome models to new data from 17 societies, including previously underrepresented regions; (c) testing effects of society gender, and age in 44 societ

This study relates to the topic of anchorage of shear walls. At times, eccentric forces between the sheathing and the anchoring devices may be introduced in the sill plate. In severe cases, such forces may cause the sill plate to split and to fail in a brittle manner. In this study, fracture mechanics are applied to develop a simple closed-form hand-calculation expression for estimation of the ult