Circular transitions in global production networks?: : a multi-scalar approach to anticipating socio-economic and socio-environmental effects of ‘x-shoring’
The circular economy (CE) is argued as a possible model for dealing with value chain instabilities in global production networks. Since geographical proximity is central to unlocking circular potential, x-shoring (including concepts like reshoring, resourcing, or friendshoring) is arguably key to this process. Often, spatial restructurings of the CE are embraced without a critical examination of t