The Relation between Efficiency, Non-Performing Loans and Capitalization in the Nordic Banking Sector
This paper analyzes relationships between efficiency, non-performing loans and capitalization in the Nordic banking sector (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Iceland) based on a panel dataset of 40 banks from the period of 2006 to 2015. Efficiency is measured by the ratio of non-interest expense to net operating income, the ratio of loan loss provision to total loans serves as a proxy for non-p