Power to the People examines the varied but interconnected relationships between energy consumption and economic development in Europe over the last five centuries. It describes how the traditional energy economy of medieval and early modern Europe was marked by stable or falling per capita energy consumption, and how the First Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century--fueled by coal and st

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Popular Abstract in Swedish Koncentrationer av proteiner i plasma och urin används i ökande utsträckning i diagnostik av njursjukdomar och i studier av den glomerulära barriärens funktion. De viktigaste frågor som behandlats i denna avhandling var: förvaring av urinprover inför efterföljande proteinanalyser, tillämpningar av proteinkoncentrationer i urin och plasma vid hälsa och vid glomerulära (nPlasma and urine concentrations of endogenous proteins are frequently used in the diagnosis of kidney diseases and in studies of glomerular filter function. The main issues addressed in these studies were: storage of urine samples for subsequent protein analysis, use of protein concentrations in urine and in plasma in health and as markers of glomerular diseases, and the application of renal plasm

Popular Abstract in English Organic synthesis has been defined as the “intentional construction of molecules by chemical means”1 and is often regarded to have commenced with Wöhler’s preparation of urea in 1828.2 Today, the influence of organic synthesis reaches far beyond the domain of chemistry, touching upon fields such as biology, nanotechnology, material science, and medicine. It has thus supThis thesis deals with the development of new reaction methodology for stereoselective synthesis, as well as total synthesis of natural products and investigations of the stereochemical outcome in the Mukaiyama aldol reaction. Chapter 2 describes efforts made towards the total synthesis of the oxindole natural products perophoramidine and the communesin. The first part of this chapter aims to de

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ärftliga orsaker till ledgångsreumatism och Sjögrens syndrom Ett välfungerande immunförsvar är nödvändigt för att kroppen ska kunna mostå angrepp från virus, bakterier och andra mikroorganismer. Vid en autoimmun sjukdom tror man att immunförsvaret av misstag börjar angripa kroppens egna vävnader, vilket leder till att de förstörs. Hur dessa sjukdomar uppkommer känner mTo understand the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases we have to consider the problem from different angles. Animal models provide a tool to further understand these complex diseases, as the influence of genetic and environmental factors could be limited. Moreover, modern transgenic techniques have made it possible to study the role of certain genes and gene products in the development of diseases

Xylitol production by recombinant, XYL1-expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated in fed-batch fermentation using different cosubstrates for growth, and generation of reduced cofactors and maintenance energy. Xylose was converted into xylitol with 1:1 yield. Using ethanol as cosubstrate, the yield of xylitol on ethanol and the specific xylitol productivity decreased with increasing aera

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Fungi are a group of organisms with the ability to produce different types of enzymes in order to get access to nutrients. Among the enzymes, oxidoreductases have the ability to degrade lignocellulosic material via an oxidative mechanism, facilitating the uptake of cellulosic material, which will be metabolized using other enzymes to provide the required nutrients to the fungi. Ecologically, oxido

”If You Want to see a star of Shame, Look at Zarah! Zarah Leander and Queer Diva Worship” is a research project funded by The Swedish Research Council. This project investigates the Swedish actress and singer Zarah Leander as a queer diva in the way the “phenomenon Leander” emerged in the 1950s and 1960s in Sweden, Germany and internationally. Leander’s dark voice, travestie-like persona and her s