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RS-1 Gene Delivery to an Adult Rs1h Knockout Mouse Model Restores ERG b-Wave with Reversal of the Electronegative Waveform of X-Linked Retinoschisis

PURPOSE: To create and evaluate a mouse model of human X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) and then investigate whether supplementing with the retinoschisin protein by gene delivery can reverse the abnormal "electronegative" electroretinogram (ERG) retinal response.METHODS: An X-linked retinoschisis mouse (Rs1h-KO) model was created by substituting a neomycin resistance cassette for exon 1 and

The Ethos of History : Time and Responsibility

At a time when rapidly evolving technologies, political turmoil, and the tensions inherent in multiculturalism and globalization are reshaping historical consciousness, what is the proper role for historians and their work? By way of an answer, the contributors to this volume offer up an illuminating collective meditation on the idea of ethos and its relevance for historical practice. These intell

Spotting Trees with Few Leaves

We show two results related to finding trees and paths in graphs. First, we show that in $O^*(1.657^k2^{l/2})$ time one can either find a $k$-vertex tree with $l$ leaves in an $n$-vertex undirected graph or conclude that such a tree does not exist. Our solution can be applied as a subroutine to solve the $k$-Internal Spanning Tree problem in $O^*(min(3.455^k, 1.946^n))$ time using polynomial space

Faster acquisition of laparoscopic skills in virtual reality with haptic feedback and 3D vision

BACKGROUND: The study investigated whether 3D vision and haptic feedback in combination in a virtual reality environment leads to more efficient learning of laparoscopic skills in novices.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty novices were allocated to two groups. All completed a training course in the LapSim(®) virtual reality trainer consisting of four tasks: 'instrument navigation', 'grasping', 'fine dis

Application of Synthetic Biology for Biopolymer Production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Plastics are versatile, cheap and durable materials that are omnipresent in modern society. Since most of them are derived from crude oil and are not biodegradable, their production leads to the depletion of fossil fuels and the accumulation of enormous amounts of plastic waste that pollutes ecosystems worldwide. For this reason, the European Union and other organisations are investing in research

Hedwig Eleonora, Lund University, and the Learned

As a queen, a woman in the pre-modern period could interact with the learned society in several ways, either as a learned woman, or - like Hedwig Eleonora - by patronizing and participating actively in the intellectual culture of her time as a donor, an employer, and a foundress of learned institutions. In doing this, she sometimes accentuated her personal sympathies, be they in history, theology,

Appointment, Promotion, and Mobility of Bioscience Researchers in Japan

Using a data set of 370 bioscience professors in Japan, this chapter investigates the effect of PhD training, early career job transition, and international mobility on a professor's probability of both placement at a highly ranked institution and promotion. We found that the prestige of the PhD institution is the best predictor for initial placement and that inbreeding is more common at prestigio