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Building on the view of massive modularity, a number of generalized assumptions lead to an entirely new concept of functional brain modules. In contrast to the nerve centers usually considered to be active in the brain, these modules, called symbions, are non-localized, non-hierarchical, and based on subcellular molecular mechanisms rather than on neurons. They act according to local rules that ma
Background and purpose The effect of oral snuff on bone healing is virtually unknown. In vitro data have indicated that delay in bone healing in smokers may be the result of components of smoke other than nicotine. We compared the time for bone healing after high tibial osteotomy in snuffers, smokers, and in control subjects who did not use snuff or cigarettes. Patients and methods 175 male patien
BACKGROUND: As rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs more often in women than in men, it has been suggested that reproductive hormones may play an important role in the pathogenesis.METHODS: Between 1991 and 1996, 30 447 subjects (18 326 women) were included in a community-based health survey. Information on female hormonal changes and stress-related factors was obtained using a self-administered quest
Purpose: Resident microglial cells normally do not express sialoadhesin (a sialic acid binding receptor), whereas recruited inflammatory macrophages have been shown to do so. The expression of sialoadhesin was examined here in the course of photoreceptor cell degeneration and following transplantation. Methods: Sialoadhesin expression was analyzed in retinas of rd1 and rds mice. For transplantatio
BACKGROUND:: Hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonists (HBRAs; zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon) are used in the treatment of insomnia. Little is known about the safety of HBRAs during pregnancy. METHODS:: Data from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry from July 1, 1995, up to 2007 were used to identify 1318 women who reported the use of HBRAs in early pregnancy. They gave birth to 1341 infants. Ma
Även om Gösta Werner (1908-2009) aldrig var någon centralgestalt inom den svenska experimentfilmen, likt Pontus Hultén eller Peter Weiss, gjorde han starkt avtryck litegrann från sidan. Under närmare nio decennier närde Werner en självreflexiv inställning till filmmediet i rollen som filmstudioordförande, redaktör, filmskapare, föreningsman och forskare och det är i synnerhet bredden på hans engag
