Unilateral injection of the catecholamine neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine into the axons or terminals of the nigrostriatal pathway is commonly used to model Parkinson's disease in experimental animals. Although the terminal lesion paradigm is considered to induce a more progressive lesion when compared to the axonal lesion, few studies have directly compared the early time-course for lesion developme

The concept of culturomics was born out of the availability of massive amounts of textual data and the interest to make sense of cultural and language phenomena over time. Thus far however, culturomics has only made use of, and shown the great potential of, statistical methods. In this paper, we present a vision for a knowledge-based culturomics that complements traditional culturomics. We discuss

Phenotypic characterization of human retinogenesis may be facilitated by use of the tissue culture system paradigm. Traditionally, most culture protocols involve isolation of retinal tissue and/or cells, imposing various degrees of trauma, which in many cases leads to abnormal development. In this paper, we present a novel culture technique using whole embryonic eyes to investigate whether the ret

Background: Prospective follow-up of heroin users is known to be difficult due to their unstable lifestyle, and high follow-up rates have usually demanded major tracking efforts. In Sweden, mobile telephones are commonly used by heavy drug users for drug trading. Objectives: This methodology study aims to examine the efficacy of mobile telephone contact for prospective follow-up interviews with in

Social capital research has consistently shown positive associations between generalised trust and health outcomes over 2 decades. Longitudinal studies attempting to test causal relationships further support the theory that trust is an independent predictor of health. However, as the reverse causality hypothesis has yet to be empirically tested, a knowledge gap remains. The aim of this study, ther

Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) able to react to heterologous viruses are generated during natural HIV-1 infection in some individuals. Further knowledge is required in order to understand the factors contributing to induction of cross-reactive NAb responses. Here a well-established model of experimental pathogenic infection in cynomolgus macaques, which reproduces long-lasting HIV-1 infection, was

The dynamics of retinal embryogenesis have been well characterized previously in terms of cell proliferation, genesis and migration, whereas overall cell type differentiation within the retinal layers has been less thoroughly explored. In the present study, phenotypical differentiation of all 7 major retinal cell types was examined in the developing porcine retina using one cell-specific immunohis

INTRODUCTION: Increasing evidence suggests that optimal food choice is critical for sizable prevention of western diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The Mediterranean diet is an important step in this direction. Moreover, substantially lower rates of Western disease, even compared to Mediterranean countries, have been observed among hunter-gatherers and other non-western populatio

Languages vary typologically in their lexicalization of Path of motion (Talmy 1991). Furthermore, lexicalization patterns are argued to affect syntactic packaging at the level of the clause (e.g. Slobin 1996b) and tend to transfer from a first (L1) to a second language (L2) in second language acquisition (e.g. Cadierno 2004). From this crosslinguistic and developmental evidence, typological prefer

The PR interval on the electrocardiogram reflects atrial and atrioventricular nodal conduction time. The PR interval is heritable, provides important information about arrhythmia risk, and has been suggested to differ among human races. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified common genetic determinants of the PR interval in individuals of European and Asian ancestry, but there is a

Laser Doppler perfusion imaging offers a new modality for in vivo monitoring of the superficial blood perfusion in biological tissue, In this study, the superficial blood perfusion of malignant nonmelanoma skin tumours and the surrounding normal skin was measured in conjunction with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX as a photosensit

Recently, hippocampal neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene therapy has been shown to effectively suppress both acute and chronic seizures in animal model of epilepsy, thus representing a promising novel antiepileptic treatment strategy, particularly for patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, our previous studies show that recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV)-NPY treatmen

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The amplification event occurring at chromosome locus 11q13, reported in several different cancers, includes a number of potential oncogenes. We have previously reported amplification of one such oncogene, namely CCND1, to be correlated with an adverse effect of tamoxifen in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Over-expression of cyclin D1 protein, however, confers tamoxif

We investigated implications of nitric oxide (NO) derived from islet neuronal constitutive NO synthase (ncNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) on insulin secretory mechanisms in the mildly diabetic GK rat. Islets from GK rats and Wistar controls were analysed for ncNOS and iNOS by HPLC, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry in relation to insulin secretion stimulated by glucose or l-arginine in vitro an

BACKGROUND: Trauma induces transcapillary leakage of fluid and proteins because of increased microvascular permeability. Based on studies showing that prostacyclin (PGI2) has permeability-reducing properties, in the present study, we investigated whether PGI2 reduces plasma volume (PV) loss after a nonhemorrhagic trauma. METHODS: The study was performed on anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats exposed

Abstract Previously, glucose concentration has been presumed to be similar in seroma, lymph, and plasma. However, there are few studies actually measuring glucose concentration in seroma. The aim of this pilot study was to determine if the glucose concentration in seroma is similar to that in plasma, as it has previously been presumed. Biochemical analysis of seroma was performed on 11 patients th

ABSTRACT: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a heritability of 60%. Genetic contributions to RA are made by multiple genes, but only a few gene associations have yet been confirmed. By studying animal models, reduced capacity of the NADPH-oxidase (NOX) complex, caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in one of its components (the NCF1 gene), has been found to