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Binding of a negative allosteric modulator and competitive antagonist can occur simultaneously at the ionotropic glutamate receptor GluA2

Ionotropic glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels governing neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Three major types of antagonists are known for the AMPA-type receptor GluA2: competitive, non-competitive (i.e. negative allosteric modulators; NAMs) used for treatment of epilepsy, and uncompetitive antagonists. We here report a 4.65 Å resolution X-ray structure of GluA2, reveal

The prion fragment PrP106-127 adopts a secondary structure typical of aggregated fibrils in langmuir monolayers of brain lipid extract

Understanding protein aggregation is essential to unveil molecular mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's and spongiform encephalopathy, particularly to determine the role of interaction with cell membranes. In this study, we employ Langmuir monolayers as cell membrane models to mimic interaction with the peptide KTNMHKHMAGAAAAGAVVGGLG−OH, a fragmen

Circular Economy in Home Textiles: Motivations of IKEA Consumer in Sweden

(1) If policy-makers and businesses are to encourage consumers to participate in circular consumption systems, knowledge is needed about what motivates consumers to choose different disposal options. This paper aims to shed light on what motivates consumers to engage in circular home textile disposal practices. (2) Quantitative data was collected through a survey of members of the IKEA Family prog

The role of territorially embedded innovation ecosystems accelerating sustainability transformations : A case study of the transformation to organic wine production in Tuscany (Italy)

Over the last few years, there has been a growing concern among academics and practitioners about the slow pace in which sustainability transformations unfold. While most socio-technical transformations tend to happen over extended periods, research shows that unless some dramatic changes are introduced, we are risking damaging the critical earth systems that sustain human life. In this context, u

Explaining the past, predicting the future: the influence of regional trajectories on innovation networks of new industries in emerging economies

Economic geographers have recently made important contributions to understanding of the relationship between regional transformation, industrial specialisation and innovation networks in the emergence of new industries. However, most contemporary research has focused on the influence of networks on regional trajectories, paying lip service to how regional trajectories also influence network config

III-V nanowire MOSFETs with novel self-limiting Λ-ridge spacers for RF applications

We present a semi self-aligned processing scheme for III-V nanowire transistors with novel semiconductor spacers in the shape of Λ-ridges, utilising the effect of slow growth rate on {111}B facets. The addition of spacers relaxes the constraint on the perfect alignment of gate to contact areas to enable low overlap capacitances. The spacers give a field-plate effect that also helps reduce off-stat

Performance of new and aged injectors with and without fuel additives in a light duty diesel engine

Two sets of diesel injectors are tested in combination with common fuel additives in a multi-cylinder light-duty diesel engine. One set consists of new injectors and the other is aged by over 100,000 km use in a vehicle. Four fuels are tested with these injector sets to investigate the impact of fuel additives on combustion and emission characteristics. The results show that the aged injectors con

High-Speed Imaging of Spray Formation and Combustion in an Optical Engine : Effects of Injector Aging and TPGME as a Fuel Additive

High-speed imaging of fuel sprays and combustion is conducted on a light-duty optical engine to investigate the effects of injector aging, with a focus on soot. The spray behaviors of one new and one aged injector are compared using Mie-scattering. In addition to this, the combustion process of a baseline diesel fuel and a blend with TPGME (tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether) are compared using

Do digital music archives inform the history of recorded music?

In this paper I want to examine some consequences that archival strategies of mass digitized environments might have on people’s relations to the history of recorded music. Archival strategies can make user-listeners connect tracks in surprising ways due to recommendation systems; they can make user-listeners get lost in the abundance of music; they can give user-listeners the impression that ther

Alemtuzumab plus CHOP versus CHOP in elderly patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma : the DSHNHL2006-1B/ACT-2 trial

PTCL patients exhibit poor survival with existing treatments. We investigated the efficacy of CHOP combined with alemtuzumab in 116 PTCL patients age 61–80 in an open-label, randomized phase 3 trial. Alemtuzumab was given on day 1, to a total of 360 mg in 21 patients, or 120 mg in 37. Hematotoxicity was increased with A-CHOP resulting in more grade ≥3 infections (40% versus 21%) and 4 versus 1 dea

Trade in the Carbon-Constrained Future: Exploiting the Comparative Carbon Advantage of Swedish Trade

This paper introduces a new concept of comparative carbon advantage as a potential climate mitigation tool. According to the concept, welfare gains in terms of reduced global CO2 emissions can be achieved by exploiting cross-country sectoral differences in carbon intensity and decarbonized electricity system. The paper empirically tests the concept by utilizing annual data of Sweden between 1995 a

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By definition, radiofrequency (RF) pulses are the pivotal elements of NMR pulse sequences. Vice versa, the effect of a particular pulse on the evolution of magnetization will depend on the context of the sequence. While the product operator formalism provides a general framework to describe the effect of hard pulses on weakly coupled spin systems, there is no consistent framework describing the ef

Onset of high-spin rotational bands in the N=Z nucleus 62Ga

The fusion-evaporation reaction 28Si + 40Ca at 122 MeV beam energy was used to populate high-spin states in the odd-odd N = Z nucleus 62Ga. With the combination of the Gammasphere spectrometer and the Microball CsI(Tl) charged-particle detector array the decay scheme of 62Ga was extended beyond 10 MeV excitation energy. The onset of band structures was observed. These high-spin rotational states a