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Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling i nationalekonomi består av fyra stycken självständiga akademiska arbeten. Syftet med avhandlingen är att studera vilken roll hälsoförsäkringar spelar för den privata finansieringen av hälso- och sjukvården i låg- och mellaninkomstländer. Arbetena studerar både effektivitets- och fördelningsfrågor med hjälp av olika typer av metoder. De enskilda arbetenThe thesis consists of an introductory chapter and four independent research papers, summarized as follows. The introductory chapter discusses the role of economics in international health and the policy contributions of each of the particular papers. In addition, the data and the methods that have been used are discussed. Paper I, entitled Community-based health insurance in low-income countries:

BACKGROUND: Budesonide, a marker for corticosteroid allergy, is a 1:1 mixture of 2 diastereomers, the R and S, present in all commercial formulations. Budesonide is said to cross-react with group B substances through the R and S diastereomer and some group D substances only through the S diastereomer. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cross-reactivity pattern between the R and S diastereomers and 4 po

This paper describes a comparison between auditory threshold elevations and morphological cochlear changes evaluated with scanning electron microscopy in order to identify cochlear defects in guinea pigs exposed to impulse noise of varying durations. There was a significant difference in the auditory threshold shifts between animals exposed for 3 and 12 hours. Hair cell loss is generally used as a

The use of the extracting syringe (ESy), a fully automated membrane-based extraction technique, for analysis of phthalate esters in complex aqueous samples has been investigated. The ESy, working as an autosampler that combines the extraction process and injection into the gas chromatograph (GC) in one single step, is placed on top of the GC equipped with a flame ionisation detector. The aqueous s

Vibrationally resolved C1s photoelectron spectra of benzene and d(6)-benzene have been recorded using monochromated synchrotron radiation at photon energies of 330 eV. The spectrum of normal benzene displays considerable vibrational structure. Particularly noteworthy is the strong excitation of a combined CCH-bending and CC-stretching mode which splits the main peak into two well-defined maxima. I

Classical conditioning of motor responses, e.g., the eyeblink response, depends on the cerebellum. In the theoretical works of David Marr (1969) and James Albus (1971), it was proposed that Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex learn to associate the neutral conditioned stimulus with the response. Since their work, several studies have provided data that are consistent with this suggestion, but

Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In order to successfully infect the human host, S. pyogenes is equipped with tools that modulate the human immune defence. The present thesis explores how different streptococcal proteins interfere with innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and blood coagulation. M protein is a surface-b

Allt fler gravstenar har enbart namn och födelsedata. Likaså minskar antalet gravar med yrkesangivelse. Antalet gravstenar med blommor, fåglar och naturscenerier ökar. Huruvida dessa skall ses som en beskrivning av individen är osäkert, men i vissa fall är det uppenbart, t ex när tecknet utgörs av en hund eller en tydlig yrkessymbol. Liksom i dödsannonserna kan man förvänta sig att också gravstena

Long-term experimental studies on the interaction between silica fume and Portland cement in concrete subjected to air, water or sealed curing, are outlined. For this purpose 6000 kg of eight qualities of concrete were studied at 5 ages over a period of 155 months. Half of the concrete contained silica fume. Parallel studies of strength, hydration and rela-tive humidity were carried out. After 155

Abstract in UndeterminedIndividuals with the diagnosis of autism need well-functioning home environment to make progress and achieve an acceptable level of quality of life (QoL). Long-term mapping of the daily life of individual persons with disabilities with the purpose of understanding their living situation is rare. The present study deals with the QoL of an adolescent boy with autism and intel

A short presentation of a sermon from the tradition of Schartau at the 50 years' celebration of the Swedish-Norwegian union.

This thesis analyzes moral argumentation and meaning creation in the process of programmatic policy formulation in the Christian People's Party and Socialist People's Party in Denmark, and the Christian Democratic Party and Left Party in Sweden, focusing specifically on their policy deliberations about the European Community and the European Union from 1990-1996. The primary emphasis is not on pol

Objective: Rate of non-attendance following invitation for breast cancer screening is related to several socioeconomic conditions. To what extent this reflects differences with regard to individual and environmental circumstances, respectively, has received little attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of individual socioeconomic and area-level determinants on variation

Introduction Epidemiological observations suggest that sunlight exposure is an important determinant of hip fracture risk. The aim of this ecological study was to examine the relationship between latitude and hip fracture probability. Methods Hip fracture incidence and mortality were obtained from literature searches and 10-year hip fracture probability computed from fracture and death hazards. Re