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This paper makes a case for using cost effectiveness (as opposed to efficiency) as key criterion when designing support policies for electricity generation from renewable energy sources in coexistence with an emissions trading scheme. Using the EU ETS and the German feed-in tariff system as examples, arguments against a stand-alone ETS are presented and necessary conditions for cost-effective supp

Objective: To determine if exercise therapy is superior to arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for knee function in middle aged patients with degenerative meniscal tears. Design: Randomised controlled superiority trial. Setting: Orthopaedic departments at two public hospitals and two physiotherapy clinics in Norway. Participants: 140 adults, mean age 49.5 years (range 35.7-59.9), with degenerative m

Today, film clips and still pictures captured by civilians with their mobile phones are increasingly used as evidence to prove specific accounts of events. Distributed on news media, YouTube or other social media, these film clips can also expose misconduct by control agents such as police officers and security guards. The aim of this paper is to analyse three cases of such sousveillance that have

Cosmological models predict the oldest stars in the Galaxy should be found closest to the centre of the potential well, in the bulge. The Extremely Metal-poor BuLge stars with AAOmega survey (EMBLA) successfully searched for these old, metal-poor stars by making use of the distinctive SkyMapper photometric filters to discover candidate metal-poor stars in the bulge. Their metal-poor nature was the

Film clips and still pictures captured by civilians, or citizen journalists, are increasingly used as evidence by judges or the police to prove specific accounts of events. This kind of visual data is, however, not without problems. The aim of this paper is to analyse how viewers perceived a mobile phone film clip as naturalistic data, enabling processes of shaming and eventually a ‘justice’ proce

Context. The nature of the metallicity gradient inside the solar circle (RGC <8 kpc) is poorly understood, but studies of Cepheids and a small sample of open clusters suggest that it steepens in the inner disk. Aims. We investigate the metallicity gradient of the inner disk using a sample of inner disk open clusters that is three times larger than has previously been studied in the literature to b

We present the discovery of the first Neptune analog exoplanet or super-Earth with a Neptune-like orbit, MOA-2013-BLG-605Lb. This planet has a mass similar to that of Neptune or a super-Earth and it orbits at 9 ∼ 14 times the expected position of the snow line, a snow, which is similar to Neptune's separation of 11 a snow from the Sun. The planet/host-star mass ratio is q = (3.6 ± 0.7) × 10-4 and

We report the discovery of two Li-rich giants, with A(Li) ~ 1.50, in an analysis of a sample of 40 giants of the open cluster Trumpler 20 (with turnoff mass ~1.8 M⊙). The cluster was observed in the context of the Gaia-ESO Survey. Methods. The atmospheric parameters and Li abundances were derived using high-resolution UVES spectra. The Li abundances were corrected for nonlocal thermodynamical equi

There are large differences between the four Nordic island societies in culture, and also on how they have achieved autonomy/independence and to what extent this is implemented. They have more characteristics in common than they have with the remaining Nordic countries: Small populations that live in secluded island societies, geographically isolated from other countries; rough living conditions a

Context. Recent spectroscopic surveys have begun to explore the Galactic disk system on the basis of large data samples, with spatial distributions sampling regions well outside the solar neighborhood. In this way, they provide valuable information for testing spatial and temporal variations of disk structure kinematics and chemical evolution. Aims. The main purposes of this study are to demonstra

We analyze the kinematics of ∼2000 giant stars in the direction of the Galactic bulge, extracted from the Gaia-ESO survey in the region -10° ≲ l≲ 10° and -11° ≲ b ≲ -3°. We find distinct kinematic trends in the metal-rich ([M H] > 0) and metal-poor ([M H] <0) stars in the data. The velocity dispersion of the metal-rich stars drops steeply with latitude, compared to a flat profile in the metal-poor