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This paper investigates why all-inclusive travel packages are offered at some hotels but not at others. Using the theory of transaction cost, it is argued that all-inclusive contracts mitigate a hold-up problem and that the severity of this problem varies with regard to the hotel's distance from the resort centre. This hypothesis is tested empirically against data from 3,798 hotel offers and is st

Aluminium oxyhydroxide, Al(OH)(3) is one of few compounds approved as an adjuvant in human vaccines. However, the mechanism behind its immune stimulating properties is still poorly understood. In vitro co-culture of an aluminium adjuvant and the human monocytic cell line THP-1 resulted in reduced cell proliferation. Inhibition occurred at concentrations of adjuvant several times lower than would b

This study compares glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equations in children based on standardized cystatin C (CYSC) and creatinine (CREA) and their combinations with renal clearance of inulin (C-inulin). A total of 220 children with different renal disorders were referred for C-inulin (median 84 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). Bias, precision (interquartile range, IQR), and accuracy (percentage of estimates +/-

This article reports on a search for dark matter pair production in association with bottom or top quarks in [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] collisions collected at [Formula: see text] TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events with large missing transverse momentum are selected when produced in association with high-momentum jets of which one or more are identified as jets containing

Aerosols affect precipitation by modifying cloud properties such as cloud droplet number concentration (CDNQ. Aerosol effects on CDNC depend on aerosol properties such as number concentration, size spectrum, and chemical composition. This study focuses on the effects of aerosol chemical composition on CDNC and, thereby, precipitation in a mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) driven by deep convective cl

Enteral exposure of suckling rats to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) has been shown to induce growth and precocious functional maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism of this action. Suckling rats, 14 d old, were fed a single dose of PHA (0.05 mg/g body weight) or saline. The binding of PHA to the gut epithelium and its effect on the morphology

We investigated the smooth muscle contraction in response to noradrenaline (NA), endothelin-1 (ET) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the omental artery and vein segments from a 67-year-old woman with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. The blood vessels were obtained during the abdominal surgery and investigated in vitro. Noradrenaline, endothelin-1 and 5-hydroxytryptamine all induced a contractio

A novel technique for measuring droplet temperatures has been demonstrated. Laser-induced phosphorescence from thermographic phosphors, seeded to distilled water and iso-octane, was used to measure temperatures of single falling droplets. The phosphors were excited by the fourth and third harmonies of a Nd:YAG laser. The subsequent emission was evaluated by spectral and temporal investigations of

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is genetically characterized by the presence of the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), resulting in a BCR/ABL gene fusion on the derivative chromosome 22 called the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. In 2-10% of the cases, this chimeric gene is generated by variant rearrangements, involving 9q34, 22q11, and one or several other genomic regions. All chromosomes hav

Porous network structures were prepared by in situ polymerisation of a mixture of N-phenylmaleimide and 1, 1'-(methylenedi-4,1-plienylene)bismaleimide (95:5 w/w) in poly(vinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDH). The mixture of the maleimide monomers was found to form thermoreversible gels with PVDH. Thermodynamic analysis of the gelation process using calorimetry data indicated the for

This paper focuses on older peoples’ needs as pedestrians by examining their perceptions of the outdoor environment in both bare-ground and snow/ice conditions. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used, including focus group interviews, participant observations, and questionnaires. The results show that older people consider accessibility/usability issues as very important and that the import

The effects from thermal shock loading on pre-existing microcracks within thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been investigated through a finite element based fracture mechanical analysis. The TBC system consists of a metallic bond coat and a ceramic top coat. The rough interface between the top and bond coats holds an alumina oxide layer. Stress concentrations at the interface due to the interfa

High-level quantum-chemical methods show that the binding in the inclusion complex of hexamethylbenzene (HMB) in 6-cycloparaphenitacetylene (6-CPPA) cannot be explained only in terms of electrostatic interactions-caused by the polarization associated to curved a-conjugated systems-and the inclusion of dispersion forces is definitely needed. The theoretical description of van der Wools interactions

Linkage maps are lacking for many highly influential model organisms in evolutionary research, including all passerine birds. Consequently, their full potential as research models is severely hampered. Here, we provide a partial linkage map and give novel estimates of sex-specific recombination rates in a passerine bird, the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus). Linkage analysis of genot

We present several attacks against the Achterbahn stream cipher, which was proposed to the eSTREAM competition. We can break the reduced and the full version with complexity of 2 55 and 2 61 steps. Extensions of our attacks are also described to break modified versions of the Achterbahn stream cipher, which were proposed following the publication of preliminary cryptanalysis results. These attacks

Investigations of chemical bonding and electronic structure features for polycrystalline (porphyrinato)nickel (II) (NiP, the simplest Ni porphyrin), (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)nickel (II) (NiTPP) and (2-aza-21-carba-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)nickel (II) (N-confused NiTPP, NiNCTPP) have been performed by means of high-resolution soft x-ray absorption and x-ray photoemission spectr

Previous evidence has shown that stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA), produced by the mouse PA6 stromal cell line, promotes dopaminergic differentiation of mouse, monkey and human embryonic stem cells in vitro. To examine whether PA6 stromal cells can enhance the yield of dopaminergic differentiation from neural progenitors, we generated neurospheres from embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) (midb

Mitt paper handlar om den amerikanska tv-serien Six Feet Under, och i fokus för min framställning står berättelsens behandling av föreställningar om döden som knuten till naturen och som något ”naturligt” – satt i relation till kultur och estetik. I Six Feet Under behandlas en rad ämnen centrala för det västerländska samhällets diskurser om natur, kultur, moral och existens. Serien fick ett stort