In a Krein space various norms can be defined by choosing different underlying fundamental decompositions. In this note we consider this dependence explicitly and draw the conclusion that - even in a Pontryagin space - there does not exist a natural choice motivated by minimizing properties.

The class N∞ κ consists of all generalized Nevanlinna functions N with κ negative squares for which the root space at ∞ of the self-adjoint relation in the minimal model (short for self-adjoint operator realization) of N contains a κ-dimensional non-positive subspace. In this paper we discuss two specific models for the function N ∈ N∞ κ: one associated with the irreducible representation of N and

Over the past few years, a growing body of work in economic geography and innovation studies has enhanced our understanding of forms and determinants of regional industrial path development. The importance of policy, however, has received limited attention and accordingly, the role of policy for the emergence and development of new regional industrial growth paths remains largely unexplored. This

Power electronics systems such as converters are increasingly being used to connect small scale power generation systems to distribution networks. One result of such converter systems is the introduction of harmonics into the distribution system. This paper develops a generic converter and converter controller model that allows the investigation of the effect of converter controlled systems on dis

BackgroundPatients with Huntington's disease display symptoms from both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as part of the pathogenesis of the disease and has been reported in brain tissue and extracerebral tissues, such as muscle and blood cells, but the results are inconsistent. Therefore, the authors performed a refined evaluation of

In this paper we report some results of our numerical simulations of sprays in compressible flows using Large Eddy Simulation. The combined LES- and spray code has been applied to the computation of the flow and spray injection into a swirl generator of a gas-turbine. The interaction between the spray jet and the flow field has been investigated. A dynamic SGS model has been used and results have

Versioning of components in a system is a well-researched field where various adequate techniques have already been established. In this paper, we look at how versioning can be extended to cover also the structural aspects of a system. There exist two basic techniques for versioning - intentional and extensional - and we propose a unified extensional versioning model for versioning of both compone

A high order Cartesian grid method is developed and applied to large eddy simulations (LES) of isothermal and reactive turbulent flows. Cartesian grid methods are potentially the most suitable numerical methods for LES because of its economical storage requirement, less computational effort per computational cell, fast numerical convergence and feasibility for constructing higher order finite diff

This paper presents a technique for product configuration modelling based on object-orientation and attribute grammars. The technique allows efficient interactive configurator tools to be generated for specified product families. Additional benefits include a high degree of checkability, early validation, readability, and reusability. The technique is particularly aimed at mass-customization produ

The purpose in this paper is to show how public procurement can be a driver ofinnovation. The purpose and point of departure when using public procurement as an instrument of innovation policy is always to solve societal and environmental problems, to satisfy human needs or to meet global challenges. The paper is aimed at everyone who is involved or interested in public procurement, and especially

According to the Innovation Union Scoreboard published by the EuropeanCommission, Sweden has been, and still is, an innovation leader within the EU and one of the most innovative countries in Europe. In this paper, the performance of the Swedish national innovation system is analyzed using exactly the same data as those employed by the Innovation Union Scoreboard for the years 2014 and 2015.We arg

According to the Innovation Union Scoreboard, published by the European Commission every year, Sweden has been, and still is, an innovation leader within the EU and one of the most innovative countries in Europe. In the Innovation Union Scoreboard 2014 (European Union, 2014: 5), Sweden has the top position (ranked number 1) of all EU28 Member States in what is called “EU Member States’ Innovation