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This letter presents a wideband cross-slot antenna (CSA) with inductor loadings for dual polarization. The effects of the ground size on the impedance are investigated. To achieve a compact size, a very small ground having the same hypotenuse length as the slot is used. The inductor loadings are used at both ends of the slot to reduce the size further. Simulated results show that the loaded induct
In this paper, a novel generalized transition matrix (GTM) algorithm is proposed to analyze the electromagnetic problems of open-ended cavity structures. An artificial reference surface is applied to seal the slots and/or apertures to reshape the target cavity into an interior domain (containing inner metallic surface and internal structures) and an exterior domain (containing the outer surface of
Understanding the European Union - where it has its roots and how it works - is not the easiest thing. Nevertheless, it is an absolutely necessary knowledge to acquire in order as an individual to be able to navigate in today's Europe. Understanding the European Union - where it has its roots and how it works - is not the easiest thing. Nevertheless, it is an absolutely necessary knowledge to acqu
This chapter analyses how secondhand consumption and vintage fashion retailers are incorporated into Swedish urban life and the retail planning context. The chapter is part of an ongoing research project, studying retail planning and vintage fashion consumption practices. Key concepts when discussing retail and localization are attractiveness and accessibility. Cities are often characterised by th
An efficient algorithm based on the contour integral method (CIM) is presented in this letter for the modeling of lossy multiconductor transmission lines. Different from the volume integral equation, the CIM only discretizes the contour of the cross section of each conductor, which significantly reduces the number of unknowns in the resultant system equations. The solution of the CIM is accelerate
This paper presents a numerical method to evaluate the electromagnetic radiating characteristics of a large-scale phased antenna array by using generalized transition matrix modules. Choosing an appropriate reference surface to contain an antenna element, an associated generalized transition matrix (GTM) is defined to establish the relationships between the rotated tangential components of inciden
Construction of synthetic basis functions (SBFs) for analyzing the radiation problems of antenna arrays is discussed. The SBFs of a block are generated from two separate solution spaces, with one space to account for the effect of the feeding voltages, and the other space to account for the responses of the block to incident electromagnetic fields from its environment. Singular value decomposition
Time-domain generalized transition matrix (TD-GTM) based on the time-domain integral equations (TDIEs) is implemented in this letter. The TD-GTM is established on the reference Huygens surface that encloses the object, using the impulse responses obtained by the marching-on-in-time (MOT) solutions. The TD-GTM fulfills the domain decomposition of TDIEs naturally and flexibly. It allows us to analyz
Application of analytical formulas for the retarded-time potentials in Müller- and PMCHWT-type time-domain integral equations (TDIEs) is presented. The impulsively excited scalar and vector potentials are evaluated in closed form, and the coupling coefficients can be calculated with high accuracy. Examples of transient analysis of the electromagnetic scattering from dielectric objects are provide
A hybrid method of generalized transition matrix (GTM) and physical optics (PO) with synthetic basis functions (SBF) is proposed to analyze electromagnetic systems on electrically large platforms. Based on domain decomposition method (DDM), the proposed approach is to divide the whole problem into a GTM region and a PO region. The GTM algorithm can simulate antennas and scatterers accurately, and
Models predicting ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange under future climate change rely on relatively few real-world tests of their assumptions and outputs. Here, we demonstrate a rapid and cost-effective method to estimate CO2 exchange from intact vegetation patches under varying atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We find that net ecosystem CO2 uptake (NEE) in a boreal forest rose linearly by 4.7
This paper introduces a modified construction method of synthetic basis functions (SBFs) for analyzing the radiation problems of phased antenna arrays. The effect of the feeding sources and the responses of incident electromagnetic fields are two relatively independent solution spaces. Singular value decomposition (SVD) method is used to extract the characteristic modes to the array from the two s
In this paper, a hybrid method of generalized transition matrix (GTM) and local physical optics (PO) is proposed. The GTM of a scatterer is defined uniquely to describe the relationship between the out-going fields and the incident fields on a specified reference surface. The PO algorithm is applied to obtain current distribution on the electrically large platform. Due to the locality principle, F
