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Transposable elements compose roughly 50% of the human genome and have been proven to have a great impact on the genome as a source of genetic variation. Because of this they are normally silenced by various mechanisms one of which being CpG DNA methylation. In this study We analysed the insertional landscapes and methylation levels of reference LINE-1 elements in humans, chimpanzees and rhesus mo
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a widespread DNA virus capable of establishing lifelong infections and eliciting diverse disease outcomes. The amount of virus that initially enters a cell, known as the multiplicity of infection (MOI), plays a critical role in shaping infection dynamics. However, its influence on virus–host interactions at the single-cell level remains to be fully elucidated
Hydrogen is essen/al for sustaining microbial communi/es in a wide range of modern ecosystems and was likely pivotal for the emergence of early life on our planet. Across the prokaryotes and eukaryotes, hydrogen is produced or consumed by ‘hydrogenase’ enzymes. Hydrogenases in prokaryotes vary in their subunit composi/on, ranging from single-subunit soluble proteins to large, mul/-subunit complexe
Peeking under the hood of bacteria Imagine you want to figure out what the different parts of your car do and essentially how important they are for it to function properly. The way to answer these questions could be to remove one part at a time and see what happens. In a similar way, whenever scientists want to better understand bacteria, they have learned different ways or techniques of doing s
The overuse and accumulation of plastics in the environment are concerning and urgent challenges that need to be solved. While recycling can offer a partial solution, emerging biodegradation approaches involving microorganisms capable of breaking down complex polymers, offer a significant alternative. Microbial enzymes, in particular, have shown efficiency depolymerising synthetic polymers. Howeve
I takt med ökade krav på hållbart byggande och användning av mer klimatsmarta byggnadsmaterial växer intresset för byggande med biobaserade material. Samtidigt måste dessa material klara de byggnadskrav som ställs och inte minst vid renovering av kulturhistoriska byggnader där kravet på bevarande är av största vikt. Detta examensarbete undersökte möjligheten att använda biobaserade material som inAs demands for sustainable construction and climatesmart materials continue to grow, interest in building with bio-based materials has increased significantly. However, these materials must still meet contemporary building standards and especially in the context of renovating culturally and historically significant buildings, where preservation is a primary concern. This thesis explores the feasib
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While most cancer cases are sporadic, approximately 5-10% are hereditary, with early-onset cases being more frequently associated with hereditary factors. They are often linked to mutations in DNA damage repair genes such as BRCA1/2, and their interacting partners, BARD1, BRIP1,
Lysogenic phages, also known as temperate phages, play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer and the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Upon induction, they may package bacterial DNA alongside or instead of their own, facilitating the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes. Phage induction can be triggered by the host bacterium's stress responses. While stress-induced prophage
Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, making effective recovery critical for minimizing residual impairments. Given the limited scope of pharmacological interventions in the post-stroke recovery phase, effective non-pharmacological strategies are essential for supporting better prognosis. One experimental approach to enhancing recovery in rodent models is environmental
As the drive to find sustainable and technological solutions to ongoing global problems becomes increasingly urgent, implementing timely innovation is needed now more than ever. The concept of regional innovation systems has recently gained popularity as a recipe for innovation and increasing knowledge transfer on a smaller scale. Specifically, the role of education in regional innovation systems
This thesis investigates the historical development and contemporary persistence of slavery through a qualitative, comparative analysis of Roman, US, and modern forced labour systems. It addresses how the institutionalization and perception of slavery and the enslaved individual change over time and proposes race as the key difference between early modern and ancient forms of slavery. The rese
This paper investigates the role of inequality in shaping both the level and direction of innovation across 50 countries from 2015 to 2018. Drawing on the framework of national innovation systems and employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) alongside multivariate OLS regressions, we construct composite indicators for governance, inequality, and institutional capacity. Our findings suggest that
In this essay I aim to find out about the closure of the Malmö-Simrishamns Järnväg, which was the shortest way from the eastern to the western coast of Skåne. By giving a historical background to the foundation and development of the railway and its importance for Skåne’s economic development, and through a qualitative investigation of studies made in this area of history of economics, I will try
This thesis compares how Sweden and Finland’s contrasting exchange rate regimes shaped their export sector performance during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. While both are small, open Nordic economies, Sweden maintained a floating currency and independent monetary policy, whereas Finland adopted the euro and ceded monetary control to the European Central Bank. The study evaluates export revenue
The transition towards a circular economy is an imperative function in the pursuit towards a more sustainable fashion textile industry. Through this transition, consumer cooperation and engagement are necessary points in guiding society towards more responsible shopping behaviors. This study extends the understanding of consumer behavior as it pertains to the purchasing, use, and disposal habits o
This paper analyzes Chinese aid allocation from 2013 to 2021 and compares it to traditional as well as emerging donors. In 2013, China launched the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which is considered one of China’s most ambitious development initiatives in the 21st century. To explore how the BRI reshaped China’s motives for aid allocation, I employ a two-part model to explain not only which countr
This study examines the impact of newly built parks on housing prices in New York City between 2011 and 2023. The case of New York City is especially interesting due to its high amount of new urban greening projects during the last few decades. Related to the different benefits of urban greening, there is evidence that parks increase the desirability of a neighborhood and thereby raise property va
Throughout history, human civilisation and wildlife have instinctively settled close to water and coastlines out of necessity for resources. It has always been a natural instinct, yet we have also continually adapted to weather conditions and relocated when resources were found elsewhere. We have always been flexible and mobile, adapting to nature and allowing it to lead and guide us. With the ris
Global post-industrial cities face the dual challenge of sustaining growth while repairing damaged ecosystems. Industrialization has left profound scars on both ecological networks and the urban fabric, demanding systematic spatial regeneration and environmental repair. Among these, abandoned brownfields hold unique potential: they offer opportunities to reshape urban structures, restore ecologica
