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Understanding TOA and TDOA Network Calibration using Far Field Approximation as Initial Estimate

This paper presents a study of the so called far field approximation to the problem of determining both the direction to a number of transmittors and the relative motion of a single antenna using relative distance measurements. The same problem is present in calibration of microphone and wifi-transmittor arrays. In the far field approximation we assume that the relative motion of the antenna is sm

Variation in Free Flow Speed due to Roadway Type and Roadside Environment

This paper explores the effects of roadway and roadside environment characteristics on the speed chosen by drivers. This work is an observational study of 272 segments of two lane roads in Connecticut. Data was collected for lane width, shoulder width, road width, presence of curbs and edge delineation types. For the roadside environment the following variables were also measured: presence of side

Description of Electroelasticity and its Related Forward and Inverse Motion Problems

Electroactive polymers (EAP) deform under electric fields and an advantage of EAP is that they may undergo deformations much larger than those capable by electroactive ceramics, however at comparatively much lower forces. As common for polymers, EAP exhibit time-dependent material behavior, i.e. an electro-viscoelastic effect. Modeling of this behavior is discussed. The forward motion problem foll

On the Reliability of Safety Message Broadcast in Urban Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

Road safety is one of the most important emerging applications envisioned for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). Generally, such applications involve the broadcast of safety messages, consisting of beacons transmitting vehicles' state (e.g. position and velocity) with a regular period, as well as emergency messages warning about unexpected critical events. From the perspective of safety, the appl

The life and death of bees in an emerging knowledge for sustainability

The following text addresses the ecological and cultural significance of the threats affecting the honey-bee, and which are becoming apparent through the unusual and sometimes drastic death rates of bee colonies. General research conducted on this problem largely agrees that the threats to bees are a syndrome that has a multifactorial nature and anthropogenic origin. In face of a plethora of relev

Membrane emulsification: modelling interfacial and geometric effects on droplet size

Emulsification is an important unit operation used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industry. Membrane emulsification is a relatively new membrane technology which allows the production of emulsion droplets under controlled conditions with a narrow droplet size distribution. The continuous phase flows tangentially to the membrane surface and sweeps away dispersed phase droplets forming fr

Fabrication and modeling of a combined gold nanoparticle-carbon nanotube single electron transistor

Scanning probe manipulation has been used to electrically connect two carbon nanotubes to an individual 7 nm gold particle, resulting in a system with multiple tunnel junctions. Single-electron charging effects in the gold particle was found to dominate the electrical transport measurements at T=4.2 K, whereas charging effects in the two carbon nanotube leads appeared as a fine structure. A simula

Crystal chemistry of Fe-Ti oxides in mafic rocks and metabasites: A study aimed at refinement of geological tools and interpretations

This thesis consists of four subprojects: (A) ‘Clouding of plagioclase by Fe-Ti oxides’, (B) ‘Fe-Ti oxides during high-pressure metamorphism of mafic rocks’, (C) ‘Magnetic study of Fe-Ti oxides in mafic rocks and metabasites’, and (D) ‘Topotactic phase transitions in oxide minerals’. A) In southern Sweden dolerite dikes and gabbros with clouded plagioclase are common. The crystal structures of th

Heat losses from a novel type of district heating culvert

In this paper the heat losses from a novel type of district heating culvert, termed Elgotherm, is investigated and compared to conventional culvert. The insulation material is made of expanded polystyrene and the culvert consists Of four cross-linked polyethylene pipes. The heat losses are calculated using both a time dependent and a stationary finite element model. Measured data from an existing

Identification of Step Atoms by High Resolution Core Level Spectroscopy

Vicinal Rh(111) surfaces are studied with high resolution core level photoemission. We demonstrate the possibility to distinguish between the different kinds of surface atoms on these surfaces by virtue of their 3d core level binding energies. In particular, the low coordinated step atoms are found to exhibit a clear fingerprint in Rh 3d spectra. We demonstrate how this may be used to show that in