Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a marked systemic biochemical stress response with the release of several stress-related hormones including cortisol and the catecholamines. A major aim of using continuous sedation in the neurointensive care unit (NIC) unit is to attenuate the TBI-induced stress response via reduction of the cerebral energy metabolic demands. In the era of modern multimodality

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and/or energy metabolic disturbances exist in the tissue surrounding a surgically evacuated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). If present, such CBF and/or metabolic impairments may contribute to ongoing tissue injury and the modest clinical efficacy of ICH surgery.OBJECTIVE: To conduct an observational study of CBF and the energy meta

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly results in injury to the components of the white matter tracts, causing post-injury cognitive deficits. The myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (OLs) are vulnerable to TBI, although may potentially be replaced by proliferating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key mediator of the complex inflammatory response, and

OBJECTIVE: To compare neurofilament light (NfL) and tau as blood-based biomarkers for acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and determine whether their concentrations at different time points after the injury are associated with prolonged time to return to play (RTP).METHODS: A total of 288 professional hockey players were followed longitudinally from September 1, 2012, to April 30, 2015. Data col

Intellectual property right (IPR) infringement has taken and increasingly takes place in the online environment, in particular on the internet, which has raised concerns on many different levels, and has led to a number of recent European initiatives. A number of legislative measures have been adopted at both international and European levels whose purposes are to strengthen and harmonise the prot

Social interaction sensing and indoor positioning using are widely researched. However, many use cases only need to determine proximity, and not the exact location. In this paper, we describe two methods to determine which meeting each user is participating in using proximity data collected from a challenging real-world office.We show that the RSSI threshold approach to detecting proximity is not

Cloud computing provides the illusion of infinite capacity to application developers. However, data center provisioning is complex and it is still necessary to handle the risk of capacity shortages. To handle capacity shortages, graceful degradation techniques sacrifice user experience for predictability. In all these cases, the decision making policy that determines the degradation interferes wit

Cigarette smoke is the most relevant risk factor for the development of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Many of its more than 4500 chemicals are highly reactive, thereby altering protein structure and function. Here, we used subcellular fractionation coupled to label-free quantitative MS to globally assess alterations in the proteome of different compartments of lung epithel

The chemical composition of calcium phosphate (CaP) materials for the regenerative therapy of large bone defects is similar to that of bone. Additionally, calcium phosphates show an excellent biocompatibility. Besides the support of defect healing calcium phosphate implants should be completely degraded within an adequate time period to be replaced by newly formed bone. Although degradation of CaP

Chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are all characterized by structural changes of the airways and/or lungs that limit airflow and/or gas exchange. Currently, there is no therapy available that adequately targets the structural remodeling of the airways and lungs in these diseases. This underscores the great ne

Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic is a widely used synthetic bone substitute material for the regeneration of bone defects. We manufactured HA scaffolds with adjustable pore sizes and pore geometry by dispense-plotting. In addition, we attached peptides covalently onto the HA surface and are able to simultaneously quantify the amount of covalently attached and adsorbed peptide down to the picomolar rang

Medical doctors and nutritional specialists recommend to eat healthy foods including fruits and vegetables. Cosmetic experts also recommend to use cosmetic products obtained from natural products. The reason behind this is that natural products from plants contain chemical compounds which can promote health and protect our bodies from several diseases. These chemical compounds are called bioactiveBioactive compounds found in plants have been of interest to man since ancient times. These compounds have the ability to modulate the metabolic processes in our bodies, which suggests that they may promote better health. Bioactive compounds vary in their chemical structure, polarity, stability and biological activity. This diversity makes the study of bioactive compounds challenging from the pers

According to the International Energy Agency about 14% of greenhouse gases (GHG) are generated by the transportation sector globally and this share is estimated to increase to 50% by 2030. At the same time consumption of mobility is continuously increasing, making it one of the most crucial sectors to focus on for sustainable consumption. Several measures and policies are being implemented to redu

It is increasingly apparent that technology and online platforms entail and communicate normativity. Lawrence Lessig has described this in terms of 'code as law' and thereby pointing to the fact that there is an ongoing shift of power from nation states to tech companies, and José van Dijck has shown how the Big Five - Google (Alphabet), Apple, Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft - represents a neo-liberaIt is increasingly apparent that technology and online platforms entail and communicate normativity. Lawrence Lessig has described this in terms of 'code as law' and thereby pointing to the fact that there is an ongoing shift of power from nation states to tech companies, and José van Dijck has shown how the Big Five - Google (Alphabet), Apple, Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft - represents a neo-libera

We point out the risks of protecting relational databases via Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) schemes by proposing an inference attack exploiting the structural properties of relational databases. We show that record-injection attacks mounted on relational databases have worse consequences than their file-injection counterparts on un- structured databases. Moreover, we discuss some technique

Gemmell and Naor proposed a new protocol for the authentication of long messages which was based on block codes and which used a transmission channel k times. This multiround authentication makes it possible to limit the key size independently of the message length. We propose a new attack and show that the probability analysis made by Gemmell and Naor, which was only based on the minimum distance

The internationalization of firms has led to boards becoming more international as well. In this study, we investigate the consequences of board internationalization. In particular, by drawing on research on language and board dynamics, we identify theory-based reasons why board internationalization could increase, or decrease, earnings management practices. We use agency theory, stressing how boa