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The germ theory revisited : A noncentric view on infection outcome

The germ theory states that pathogenic microorganisms are responsible for causing infectious diseases. The theory is inherently microbe-centric and does not account for variability in disease severity among individuals and asymptomatic carriership—two phenomena indicating an important role for host variability in infection outcome. The basic tenet of the germ theory was recently challenged, and a

A single-cell transcriptomic study of heterogeneity in human embryonic tanycytes

Disruptions in energy homeostasis can lead to diseases like obesity and diabetes, affecting millions of people each year. Tanycytes, the adult stem cells in the hypothalamus, play crucial roles in assisting hypothalamic neurons in maintaining energy balance. Although tanycytes have been extensively studied in rodents, our understanding of human tanycytes remains limited. In this study, we utilized

Hot Carrier Nanowire Transistors at the Ballistic Limit

We demonstrate experimentally nonequilibrium transport in unipolar quasi-1D hot electron devices reaching the ballistic limit at room temperature. The devices are realized with heterostructure engineering in nanowires to obtain dopant- and dislocation-free 1D-epitaxy and flexible bandgap engineering. We show experimentally the control of hot electron injection with a graded conduction band profile

Evidence of COVID-19 pandemic influence on well-being produced by urban gardening : a before-after study

The COVID-19 pandemic showed us that maintaining and increasing individual and community resilience is essential, particularly in cities. Access to urban green spaces such as parks and gardens supports resilience and well-being. Here, we studied how the pandemic influenced the attitudes towards and outcomes of urban box gardening in the city of Turku in Finland. We analyzed this small-scale social

Minimax Adaptive Control and Estimation

This thesis presents five papers on minimax adaptive control and estimation. Minimax adaptive estimation is a framework for output prediction and state estimation that provides a priori computable performance bounds for esti- mators. Minimax adaptive controllers ensure that the closed loop has finite gain, maintaining stability and performance under model class uncertainty. The contributions of t

The impact of insect herbivory on biogeochemical cycling in broadleaved forests varies with temperature

Herbivorous insects alter biogeochemical cycling within forests, but the magnitude of these impacts, their global variation, and drivers of this variation remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap and help improve biogeochemical models, we established a global network of 74 plots within 40 mature, undisturbed broadleaved forests. We analyzed freshly senesced and green leaves for carb

Modification of χc1 (3872) and ψ (2S) Production in pPb Collisions at sNN =8.16 TeV : Physical Review Letters

The LHCb Collaboration measures production of the exotic hadron χc1(3872) in proton-nucleus collisions for the first time. Comparison with the charmonium state ψ(2S) suggests that the exotic χc1(3872) experiences different dynamics in the nuclear medium than conventional hadrons, and comparison with data from proton-proton collisions indicates that the presence of the nucleus may modify χc1(3872)

Midlife stress-related exhaustion and dementia incidence : a longitudinal study over 50 years in women

Backgrounds: Cognitive problems are common symptoms among individuals with stress-related exhaustion. It is still unknown whether these individuals are at a higher risk of developing dementia later. This study aims to examine the relationship between midlife stress-related exhaustion and dementia incidence. Methods: A population sample of 777 women (aged 38, 46, 50 and 54 years) without dementia a

Expression of C/EBP and Kr-h1 transcription factors under immune stimulation in the noble crayfish

Transcription factors (TFs) have an important role in the regulation of the gene expression network. The role of TFs in the immune response of freshwater crayfish is poorly understood, but leveraging the regulatory mechanisms of immune response could augment the resistance against the invasive oomycete pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci. Previous studies indicated that the TFs CCAAT/enhancer-binding pro

Spatial tumor immune microenvironment phenotypes in ovarian cancer

Immunotherapy has largely failed in ovarian carcinoma (OC), likely due to that the vast tumor heterogeneity and variation in immune response have hampered clinical trial outcomes. Tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) profiling may aid in stratification of OC tumors for guiding treatment selection. Here, we used Digital Spatial Profiling combined with image analysis to characterize regions of spati

Study of Bc+→χcπ+ decays

A study of Bc+→χcπ+ decays is reported using proton-proton collision data, collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1. The decay Bc+→χc2π+ is observed for the first time, with a significance exceeding seven standard deviations. The relative branching fraction with respect to the Bc+→J/ψπ+ decay is measured to

Perfect Zeeman Anisotropy in Rotationally Symmetric Quantum Dots with Strong Spin-Orbit Interaction

In nanoscale structures with rotational symmetry, such as quantum rings, the orbital motion of electrons combined with a spin-orbit interaction can produce a very strong and anisotropic Zeeman effect. Since symmetry is sensitive to electric fields, ring-like geometries provide an opportunity to manipulate magnetic properties over an exceptionally wide range. In this work, we show that it is possib

Privacy-preserving edge federated learning for intelligent mobile-health systems

Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are generally designed for scenarios in which all data is stored in one data center, where the training is performed. However, in many applications, e.g., in the healthcare domain, the training data is distributed among several entities, e.g., different hospitals or patients’ mobile devices/sensors. At the same time, transferring the data to a central location for

Local field potential sharp waves with diversified impact on cortical neuronal encoding of haptic input

Cortical sensory processing is greatly impacted by internally generated activity. But controlling for that activity is difficult since the thalamocortical network is a high-dimensional system with rapid state changes. Therefore, to unwind the cortical computational architecture there is a need for physiological ‘landmarks’ that can be used as frames of reference for computational state. Here we us

Amplitude analysis of the Λb0→pK−γ decay

The resonant structure of the radiative decay Λb0→pK−γ in the region of proton-kaon invariant-mass up to 2.5 GeV/c2 is studied using proton-proton collision data recorded at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV collected with the LHCb detector, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1. Results are given in terms of fit and interference fractions between the different compone

Extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy using an ultrashort pulse laboratory-scale laser-plasma accelerator

Laser-driven compact particle accelerators can provide ultrashort pulses of broadband X-rays, well suited for undertaking X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements on a femtosecond timescale. Here the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) features of the K-edge of a copper sample have been observed over a 250 eV window in a single shot using a laser wakefield accelerator, providing inf

Position dependence of recovery coefficients in 177Lu-SPECT/CT reconstructions – phantom simulations and measurements

Background: Although the importance of quantitative SPECT has increased tremendously due to newly developed therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, there are still no accreditation programs to harmonize SPECT imaging. Work is currently underway to develop an accreditation for quantitative 177Lu SPECT/CT. The aim of this study is to verify whether the positioning of the spheres within the phantom has an

Investigating the composition of the K0⁎(700) state with π±KS0 correlations at the LHC

The first measurements of femtoscopic correlations with the particle pair combinations π±KS0 in pp collisions at s=13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are reported by the ALICE experiment. Using the femtoscopic approach, it is shown that it is possible to study the elusive K0⁎(700) particle that has been considered a tetraquark candidate for over forty years. Source and final-state interacti

Observation of Medium-Induced Yield Enhancement and Acoplanarity Broadening of Low- p T Jets from Measurements in pp and Central Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN =5.02 TeV

The ALICE Collaboration reports the measurement of semi-inclusive distributions of charged-particle jets recoiling from a high transverse momentum (high pT) hadron trigger in proton-proton and central Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV. A data-driven statistical method is used to mitigate the large uncorrelated background in central Pb-Pb collisions. Recoil jet distributions are reported for jet res