Nitrogenase is the only enzyme that can cleave the strong triple bond in N2, making nitrogen available for biological life. Despite extensive research, the mechanism of nitrogen fixation by nitrogenase is not fully understood, partly due to the enzyme’s complex structure, which includes the largest iron–sulfur cluster known in metalloenzymes, the FeMo cluster. Understanding this process requires t

Ribbed channel flows are encountered in numerous engineering applications to promote turbulence and enhance heat transfer in various cooling passages, e.g., in turbine blades and at combustor walls. Numerical simulations have become an increasingly useful tool for providing insights into complex turbulence and flow separation, which are critical to the design and optimization of such channels. In

We present a novel, and computationally cheap, way to estimate electrostatic screening lengths from simulations of restricted primitive model (RPM) electrolytes. We demonstrate that the method is accurate by comparisons with simulated long-ranged parts of the charge density, at various Bjerrum lengths, salt concentrations and ion diameters. We find substantial underscreening in low dielectric solv

Citizens have increasingly diversified their use of social media platforms, raising questions about which platforms are adopted and for what purposes. We use survey data from four countries (Canada, France, the United States, and the United Kingdom) gathered in 2019 and 2021 (n = 12,302) about Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter, Reddit, Snapchat, and WhatsApp. Political ideology predicts the ad

The pathophysiology underlying impaired LV function in PAH remains unclear, with some studies implicating intrinsic myocardial dysfunction and others pointing to LV underfilling. Evaluation of pulmonary vein area (PVA) and flow may offer novel, mechanistic insight by distinguishing elevated LV filling pressure common in myocardial dysfunction from LV underfilling. This study aimed to elucidate LV

Bisher gibt es kaum Forschung zu digitalen Formen und der Verbreitung von Antisemitismus. Wie in diesem Band gezeigt wird, nimmt jedoch das akademische Interesse an Antisemitismus in sozialen Medien zu. Der Großteil des vorhandenen Wissens zu diesem Thema stammt hauptsächlich aus zwei Arten von Forschung. Bei der ersten handelt es sich um Berichte von Nichtregierungs- und Regierungsstellen, bei de

I explore the experience of managing type 1 diabetes with wearable technology. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic illness which requires continuous maintenance to keep the blood glucose levels within range. Using autoethnography, I investigate both the practices of translating information from technology and from senses, and also from health authorities, into practices. I conclude that the management of

Insects rely on path integration (vector-based navigation) and landmark guidance to perform sophisticated navigational feats, rivaling those seen in mammals. Bees in particular exhibit complex navigation behaviors including creating optimal routes and novel shortcuts between locations, an ability historically indicative of the presence of a cognitive map. A mammalian cognitive map has been widely

Within the Langevin framework, we investigate the dynamics of the fusion process for production of transfermium elements in reactions of 48Ca, 50Ti, 54Cr, and 58Fe with 208Pb. After the reacting nuclei have made contact, the early dynamical stage is dominated by the dissipation of the initial radial kinetic energy, while the subsequent shape evolution is diffusive. The probability for surmounting

Industry 4.0 represents the foundation of the fourth industrial revolution, characterised by the integration of innovative technology into the manufacturing process. This integration enhances automation, diagnostics, data analysis, and autonomous decision-making through the networking of equipment and machinery. However, the increased reliance on technology raises concerns about the implementation

In the emerging field of plasma-assisted ammonia (NH3) combustion, the evolution of key intermediate species has rarely been reported. This work establishes a simultaneous measurement system of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for hydroxyl (OH) and quantitative two-photon-absorption LIF for atomic oxygen (O), to explore the OH and O dynamics in an NH3/air flame affected by a nanosecond (ns) pulsed

Atomic oxygen (O) is vital in plasma-assisted combustion, but its quantitative measurement is challenging and therefore rarely reported. This work performs femtosecond two-photon-absorption laser-induced fluorescence (fs-TALIF) imaging to quantify the dynamics of atomic oxygen production by a single nanosecond (ns) pulsed plasma discharge in an ammonia/air flame for the first time. First of all, t

Gliding arc plasmas, a versatile form of non-thermal plasma discharges, hold great promise for sustainable chemical conversion in electrified industrial applications. Their relatively high temperatures compared to other non-thermal plasmas, reactive species generation, and efficient energy transfer make them ideal for an energy-efficient society. However, plasma discharges are transient and comple

The plasma–surface interface has sparked interest due to its potential of creating alternative reaction pathways not available in typical gas–surface reactions. Currently, there are a limited number of in situ studies investigating the plasma–surface interface, restricting the development of its application. Here, we report the use of in situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in ta

This chapter aims to be a broad introduction for embedded systems professionals that wish to add machine learning to traditional embedded software. It briefly describes the foundation for a stable and secure IoT communication platform, touching on important areas such as the MQTT protocol and data extraction. The discussion is based on a case study for a digitalized marine vessel, and focuses on gThis chapter aims to be a broad introduction for embedded systems professionals that wish to add machine learning to traditional embedded software. It briefly describes the foundation for a stable and secure IoT communication platform, touching on important areas such as the MQTT protocol and data extraction. The discussion is based on a case study for a digitalized marine vessel, and focuses on g

Background: Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is associated with aging. A relationship between mtDNA-CN and degenerative disorders, e.g. osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP), has been suggested. We aimed to investigate the relationship of mtDNA-CN and incident OA and OP. Materials and methods: MtDNA-CN was studied in relationship to incident OA and OP in a population-based cohort study

Across the scholarly and journalistic literature, an increasing sense of future uncertainty and prevailing sense of dread is being narrated. This unsettling sense of futurelessness seems to cut across scales in that globally unfolding menaces also shape lived experience locally in specific sites, where global risks intersect with local hazardousness of place. In this chapter, we reflect on how a s