Faster acquisition of laparoscopic skills in virtual reality with haptic feedback and 3D vision
BACKGROUND: The study investigated whether 3D vision and haptic feedback in combination in a virtual reality environment leads to more efficient learning of laparoscopic skills in novices.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty novices were allocated to two groups. All completed a training course in the LapSim(®) virtual reality trainer consisting of four tasks: 'instrument navigation', 'grasping', 'fine dis