Flying insects frequently navigate through environments of different complexity. In this study, buff-tailed bumblebees (Bombus terrestris L.) were trained to fly along tunnels of different widths, from 60 to 240 cm. In tunnel widths of 60 and 120 cm, bumblebees control their lateral position by balancing the magnitude of translational optic flow experienced in the lateral visual field of each eye.

We propose a semianalytical formalism based on a time-domain resonant-mode-expansion theory to analyze the ultrafast temporal dynamics of optical nanoresonators. We compare the theoretical predictions with numerical data obtained with the FDTD method, which is commonly used to analyze experiments in the field. The comparison reveals that the present formalism (i) provides deeper physical insight o

Background: Soils are important global carbon pools that are under threat from intensive land use through a variety of agricultural practices. Sustainable management of agricultural soils may have the potential to mitigate climate change through increased carbon sequestration and increase their fertility. Among management practices to increase carbon sequestration, crop rotation designs have often

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the automated detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by utilizing artificial neural networks was improved by using a previous electrocardiogram (ECG) in addition to the current ECG. A total of 4,691 ECGs were recorded from patients admitted to an emergency department due to suspected AMI. Of these, 902 ECGs, in which diagnoses of AMI were

Computer-aided interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) is widespread but many physicians hesitate to rely on the computer, because the advice is presented without information about the confidence of the advice. The purpose of this work was to develop a method to validate the advice of a computer by estimating the error of an artificial neural network output. A total of 1249 ECGs, recorded with

The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of developing artificial neural networks that are able to provide confidence measures for their diagnostic advice. Computer-aided decision making can improve physician performance, but many physicians hesitate to use these 'black boxes'. If we are to rely upon decision support systems for such tasks as medical diagnosis it is essential that

The purpose of this study was to develop a computer-based method for automatic detection and localization of coronary artery disease (CAD) in myocardial bull's-eye scintigrams. Methods: A population of 135 patients who had undergone both myocardial 99mTc-sestamibi rest-stress scintigraphy and coronary angiography within 3 mo was studied. Different image data reduction methods, including pixel aver

The mean field theory approach to knapsack problems is extended to multiple knapsacks and generalized assignment problems with Potts mean field equations governing the dynamics. Numerical tests against 'state of the art' conventional algorithms shows good performance for the mean field approach. The inherently parallelism of the mean field equations makes them suitable for direct implementations i

Context Obesity in men is associated with low serum testosterone and both are associated with several diseases and increased mortality. Objectives Examine the direction and causality of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and serum testosterone. Design Bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis on prospective cohorts. Setting Five cohorts from Denmark, Germany and Sweden (Inte

Recent years have seen growing interest in the streaming instability as a candidate mechanism to produce planetesimals. However, these investigations have been limited to small-scale simulations. We now present the results of a global protoplanetary disk evolution model that incorporates planetesimal formation by the streaming instability, along with viscous accretion, photoevaporation by EUV, FUV

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnoses of healed myocardial infarction made from the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) by artificial neural networks and an experienced electrocardiographer. Background. Artificial neural networks have proved of value in pattern recognition tasks. Studies of their utility in ECG interpretation have shown performance exceeding that of conven

Background & Aims: Primary liver cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. In the western world, the majority of liver malignancies consist of colorectal metastases. Liver resection is the primary treatment for cure in liver tumor disease. Hepatic injuries such as steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, which could be a consequence

Background: Exposure to airborne particles has a major impact on global health. The probability of these particles to deposit in the respiratory tract during breathing is essential for their toxic effects. Observations have shown that there is a substantial variability in deposition between subjects, not only due to respiratory diseases, but also among individuals with healthy lungs. The factors d

Background: The food addiction (FA) model is receiving increasing interest from the scientific community. Available empirical evidence suggests that this condition may play an important role in the development and course of physical and mental health conditions such as obesity, eating disorders, and other addictive behaviors. However, no epidemiological data exist on the comorbidity of FA and gamb

Introduction Opportunities for leisure activities and physical mobility are important for the ageing population. Therefore, we aim to describe leisure activities outside the home among very old (over 80 years of age) users and non-users of mobility devices in two European countries. Method Survey data on mobility device use, self-rated physical mobility and leisure activities outside the home were

Physical activity (PA) may modify the genetic effects that give rise to increased risk of obesity. To identify adiposity loci whose effects are modified by PA, we performed genome-wide interaction meta-analyses of BMI and BMI-adjusted waist circumference and waist-hip ratio from up to 200,452 adults of European (n = 180,423) or other ancestry (n = 20,029). We standardized PA by categorizing it int