Understanding the behavioral properties of single molecules or larger scale populations interacting with single molecules is currently a hotly pursued topic in nanotechnology. This arises from the potential such techniques have in relation to applications such as targeted drug delivery, early stage detection of disease, and drug screening. Although label and label-free single molecule detection st

Normal pregnancy is associated with a systemic maternal inflammatory reaction, including the activation of peripheral blood monocytes. This reaction is exaggerated in pre-eclampsia, a severe placenta-dependent disorder of pregnancy specific to humans It has been suggested that placental syncytiotrophoblast membrane microparticles (STBM), which are released into the peripheral blood, may contribute

Previous in vitro experiments demonstrated that acute-phase protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT), could act either as an enhancer or as a suppressor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell activation depending on treatment time. Here we investigate how AAT regulates inflammatory responses in the short term when administrated post LPS challenge. Similar experimental setup was used both in vitro and

By exploiting the abundant tissues available from Populus trees, 3-4 m high, we have been able to isolate plasma membranes of high purity from leaves, xylem, and cambium/phloem at a time (4 weeks after bud break) when photosynthesis in the leaves and wood formation in the xylem should have reached a steady state. More than 40% of the 956 proteins identified were found in the plasma membranes of al

Transgenic (Tg) mice expressing human fibroblast growth factor 8b (FGF8-b) under the probasin promoter (Tg [Pbsn-FGF8] L2-L5Elo; hereafter referred to as FGF8-b-Tg) were shown to produce FGF8-b at high levels in the prostate and epididymis and at lower levels in the testis. The present study examined the effects of FGF8-b expression on the epididymis and testis. In old (age, >6 mo) FGF8-b-Tg mice,

Tin was a vital commodity in times past. In central Europe, the earliest finds of tin-bronze date to about 2200 bc, while in Greece they are c. 400-500 years earlier. While there is evidence for prehistoric copper mining-for example, in the Alps or mainland Greece, among other places-the provenance of the contemporary tin is still an unsolved problem. This work deals with a new approach for tracin

Birds are generally thought to have excellent vision with high spatial resolution. However, spatial contrast sensitivity of birds for stationary targets is low compared to other animals with similar acuity, such as mammals. For fast flying animals body stability and coordination are highly important, and visual motion cues are known to be relevant for flight control. We have tested five budgerigar

The field of high dynamic range imaging addresses the problem of capturing and displaying the large range of luminance levels found in the world, using devices with limited dynamic range. In this paper we present a novel tone mapping algorithm that is based on $K$-means clustering. Using dynamic programming we are able to, not only solve the clustering problem efficiently, but also find the global

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) have been associated with impaired executive functioning, although contradictory findings have been reported. The aim of this study was to examine whether WMH location influenced the relation between WMH and executive functioning in MCI participants (55-90 years) in the European multicenter memory-clinic-based DESCRIPA study, w

Epidemiological perspectives applied to the study of socioeconomic inequalities in health are characterized by a one-dimensional approach to social differences, as income, occupation, and education are used as interchangeable variables to capture social inequalities. This paper calls into question this assumption by exploring the impact of parent's education and occupation on their newborns' healt

Instabilities in planetary systems can result in the ejection of planets from their host system, resulting in free-floating planets (FFPs). If this occurs in a star cluster, the FFP may remain bound to the star cluster for some time and interact with the other cluster members until it is ejected. Here, we use N-body simulations to characterize close star-planet and planet-planet encounters and the

Xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases (XETs) encoded by xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases/hydrolase (XTH) genes modify the xyloglucan-cellulose framework of plant cell walls, thereby regulating their expansion and strength. To evaluate the importance of XET in wood development, we studied xyloglucan dynamics and XTH gene expression in developing wood and modified XET activity in hybrid aspen (Populus

We consider the distribution of the orbits of the number 1 under the -transformations as varies. Mainly, the size of the set of for which a given point can be well approximated by the orbit of 1 is measured by its Hausdorff dimension. The dimension of the following set is determined, where is a given point in and is a sequence of integers tending to infinity as . For the proof of this result, the

The angular anisotropy for selected dissociation channels is measured at resonantly excited states of and symmetries at the C and O K-shell ionization edges of carbonyl sulfide. While the kinetic energy released in the reaction is mainly independent of the excitation energy, the angular anisotropy and momentum correlation clearly show deformation of the OCS molecule in the C1s−Pi state. The discov

Red cell distribution width (RDW) has been associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE), but whether RDW is a predictor of first event of VTE is unknown. We investigated the association between RDW and incidence of first event of VTE in a population-based cohort.

Objective: We have previously shown the capacity of tenascin-C (TN-C) to induce inflammatory mediators and matrix degradation in vitro in human articular cartilage. The objective of the present study was to follow TN-C release into knee synovial fluid after acute joint injury or in joint disease, and to correlate TN-C levels with markers of cartilage matrix degradation and inflammation. Method: Hu

Migraine is a painful disorder with a huge impact on individual and public health. We hypothesize that migraine pain originates from a central mechanism that results secondarily in hypersensitivity in peripheral afferents associated with the cerebral and cranial blood vessels. It has previously been shown that application of inflammatory or algesic substances onto the dura mater or chemical stimul