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Ultrafast molecular motor driven nanoseparation and biosensing.

Portable biosensor systems would benefit from reduced dependency on external power supplies as well as from further miniaturization and increased detection rate. Systems built around self-propelled biological molecular motors and cytoskeletal filaments hold significant promise in these regards as they are built from nanoscale components that enable nanoseparation independent of fluidic pumping. Pr

Gain of chromosomal region 20q and loss of 18 discriminates between Lynch syndrome and familial colorectal cancer

Lynch syndrome and familial colorectal cancer type X, FCCTX, represent the two predominant colorectal cancer syndromes. Whereas Lynch syndrome is clinically and genetically well defined, the genetic cause of FCCTX is unknown and genomic differences between Lynch syndrome and FCCTX tumours are largely unknown. We applied array-based comparative genomic hybridisation to 23 colorectal cancers from FC

Developments in Biobanking Workflow Standardization Providing Samples Integrity and Stability

Recommendations and outlines for standardization in biobanking processes are presented by a research team with long-term experiences in clinical studies. These processes have important bearing on the use of samples in developing assays. These measurements are useful to document states of health and disease that are beneficial for academic research, commercial healthcare, drug development industry

HTT-lowering reverses Huntington's disease immune dysfunction caused by NF kappa B pathway dysregulation

Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. The peripheral innate immune system contributes to Huntington's disease pathogenesis and has been targeted successfully to modulate disease progression, but mechanistic understanding relating this to mutant huntingtin expression in immune cells has been lacking. Here we demonstr

Low Incidence of Post-Lumbar Puncture Headache in 1,089 Consecutive Memory Clinic Patients

Aim: To examine the incidence of post-lumbar puncture headache (PLPH) in patients admitted for cognitive disturbances. Methods: The incidence of PLPH and other general (subdural hematoma, meningitis, encephalitis) or local (local pain, spinal hematoma, local infection) complications was evaluated in 1,089 consecutive patients (aged 23-89 years) who underwent lumbar puncture as a part of the routin

Hesperetin Induces Apoptosis in Breast Carcinoma by Triggering Accumulation of ROS and Activation of ASK1/JNK Pathway

Hesperetin, a flavanone glycoside predominantly found in citrus fruits, exhibits a wide array of biological properties. In the present study hesperetin exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner without affecting normal (HMEC) as well as immortalized normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A). The cytotoxic effect of

The use of biomarkers for the etiologic diagnosis of MCI in Europe: An EADC survey.

We investigated the use of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium centers and assessed their perceived usefulness for the etiologic diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We surveyed availability, frequency of use, and confidence in diagnostic usefulness of markers of brain amyloidosis (amyloid positron emission tomography [PET], cerebrospinal fluid [

APP/APLP2 expression is required to initiate endosome-nucleus-autophagosome trafficking of glypican-1-derived heparan sulfate.

Anhydromannose (anMan)-containing heparan sulfate (HS) derived from the proteoglycan glypican-1 (Gpc-1) is generated in endosomes by an endogenously or ascorbate induced SNO-catalyzed reaction. Processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and APP-like protein 2 (APLP2) by β- and γ-secretases into amyloid beta (Aβ) and Aβ-like peptides also takes place in these compartments. Moreover, anMan-co

Identification of the female-produced sex pheromone of the leafminer Holocacista capensis infesting grapevine in South Africa.

We report the first identification of a sex pheromone in a heliozelid moth, Holocacista capensis van Nieukerken & Geertsema. This leafminer recently infested grapevine in South Africa. Compared to solvent extraction of pheromone glands, solid phase microextraction (SPME) proved to be highly effective for collection of the pheromone from calling females. The volatiles collected by SPME were ana

Magnetic nanoparticle-based isolation of endocytic vesicles reveals a role of the heat shock protein GRP75 in macromolecular delivery.

An increased understanding of cellular uptake mechanisms of macromolecules remains an important challenge in cell biology with implications for viral infection and macromolecular drug delivery. Here, we report a strategy based on antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for the isolation of endocytic vesicles induced by heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), key cell-surface receptors of macromo

Comparison of neuropsychological and brain imaging data in pediatric brain tumor patients surviving more than 10 years

AIM: To explore the relationship between neuropsychological outcome and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in paediatric brain tumour patients surviving more than 10 years. BACKGROUND: Cognitive late sequelae after paediatric brain tumour have a multifactorial origin. Low age at diagnosis, cranial radiation therapy, intrathecal methotrexate treatment and increased intracranial pressure are

Genome-wide analysis associates familial colorectal cancer with increases in copy number variations and a rare structural variation at 12p12.3

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide. However, a large number of genetic risk factors involved in CRC have not been understood. Copy number variations (CNVs) might partly contribute to the missing heritability of CRC. An increased overall burden of CNV has been identified in several complex diseases, whereas the association between the overall CNV burden and CRC risk

Oxidative stress and information content of black and yellow plumage coloration: An experiment with greenfinches

Carotenoid and melanin pigments in the plumage of birds are hypothesized to be sensitive to oxidative stress. We manipulated oxidative status of captive greenfinches (Carduelis chloris L.) by the administration of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a selective inhibitor of the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), an intracellular antioxidant. Half of the birds in the treated group, as well as in the control

Analytical Gradients of the Second-Order Moller-Plesset Energy Using Cholesky Decompositions

An algorithm for computing analytical gradients of the second-order MOller-Plesset (MP2) energy using density fitting (DF) is presented. The algorithm assumes that the underlying canonical Hartree-Fock reference is obtained with the same auxiliary basis set, which we obtain by Cholesky decomposition (CD) of atomic electron repulsion integrals. CD is also used for the negative semidefinite MP2 ampl

Protein adsorption and complement activation for di-block copolymer nanoparticles

Four types of nanoparticles with core-diffuse shell structures have been synthesized through self-assembly of PICBA-Dextran block copolymers. These nanoparticles are designed to carry pharmaceutically active molecules into the human body through injection into the blood stream. In this work, we have determined how the characteristics of the diffuse shell influence the adsorption of three types of

Medication beliefs and self-reported adherence-results of a pharmacist's consultation: a pilot study

Objectives Clinical outcomes in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease depend on the patients' adherence to prescribed medicines. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-centred approach used to change different health behaviours. The objective of this pilot study was to explore the impact of a clinical pharmacist's consultation on beliefs about medicines and self-reported medicati