During laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), materials experience cyclic re-heating as new layers are deposited, inducing an in situ tempering effect. In this study, the effect of this phenomenon on the tempering of martensite during L-PBF was examined for Fe-0.45C steel. Detailed scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, and hardness measurements indicated

This paper discusses a Python interface for the recently published Dune-Fem-DG module which provides highly efficient implementations of the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for solving a wide range of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Although the C++ interfaces of Dune-Fem-DG are highly flexible and customizable, a solid knowledge of C++ is necessary to make use of this powerful

Evolutionary changes in brain and craniofacial development have endowed humans with unique cognitive and social skills, but also predisposed us to debilitating disorders in which these traits are disrupted. What are the developmental genetic underpinnings that connect the adaptive evolution of our cognition and sociality with the persistence of mental disorders with severe negative fitness effects

Species distributed across climatic gradients will typically experience spatial variation in selection, but gene flow can prevent such selection from causing population genetic differentiation and local adaptation. Here, we studied genomic variation of 415 individuals across 34 populations of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) in central Italy. This species is highly abundant throughout thi

The ancient Ventspils Lagoon is an area where human settlements have been located on former coastal landforms and sediments. However, the chronology of its development has so far not been studied in detail. Since the ancient lagoon is dominated by sand deposition, optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) was used to determine when the ancient coast was formed. Twenty-one OSL samples gave a w

We investigate the interfaces and polarity domains at the atomic scale in epitaxial AlN and GaN/AlN grown by hot-wall metal organic chemical vapor epitaxy on the carbon face of SiC. X-ray diffraction, potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet chemical etching, and scanning transmission electron microscopy combined provide an in-depth understanding of polarity evolution with the film thickness, which is crucia

Background Nickel allergy is the most common contact allergy, and a nickel salt is, therefore, included in most baseline patch test series. In the baseline series of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group and the American Contact Dermatitis Society, nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NSH) in petrolatum at 2.5% is included, whereas NSH at 5.0% is included in many other baseline series, such a

AXL, a member of the TAM family, is a promising therapeutic target due to its elevated expression in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in association with acquired drug resistance. Previously, RNA interference was used to study its role in cancer, and several phenotypic changes, including attenuated cell proliferation and decreased migration and invasion, have been reported. Th

We aim to provide a critical appraisal of basic concepts underlying signal recording and processing technologies applied for (i) atrial fibrillation (AF) mapping to unravel AF mechanisms and/or identifying target sites for AF therapy and (ii) AF detection, to optimize usage of technologies, stimulate research aimed at closing knowledge gaps, and developing ideal AF recording and processing technol

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important and nutritious cereal crop, and there is a growing need to identify genes that contribute to improved oat varieties. Here we utilize a newly sequenced and annotated oat reference genome to locate and characterize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting agronomic and grain-quality traits in five oat populations. We find strong and significant associations betw

Despite a rapid transition to LED lamps, it is still little knowledge about the effects of these light sources on users with low vision. The study's main objective was to acquire a better understanding about how correlated colour temperatures (CCTs) of non-directional LED affect visual accessibility and perceptions of lighting quality in homelike environments among visually impaired persons. The s

Objective: The aim was to examine the general outcome of schizophrenia after 20 years or more. Methods: Using the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression on long-term follow-up studies of schizophrenia up until April 21, 2021. We included prospective studies with at least 20 years of follow-up on patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and the

Importance: The behavioral variant of Alzheimer disease (bvAD) is characterized by early and predominant behavioral deficits caused by AD pathology. This AD phenotype is insufficiently understood and lacks standardized clinical criteria, limiting reliability and reproducibility of diagnosis and scientific reporting. Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the bvAD literature

Introduction: Clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa support that HIV self-testing (HIVST) can increase testing rates in difficult-to-reach populations. However, trials mostly evaluate oral fluid HIVST only. We describe preferences for oral fluid vs. blood-based HIVST to elucidate prior trial results and inform testing programs. Methods: Participants were recruited from a HIVST randomized controlle

Background: Gallstones intervention during pregnancy might be a stressful event for both mother and fetus and stress might affect outcome. The aim of this study was to identify factors that might improve the care of pregnant patients in need of intervention for gallstone disease. Methods: By crossmatching the Swedish Registry of Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Background & Aims: There is substantial inter-individual variability in the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Part of which is explained by insulin resistance (IR) (‘MetComp’) and part by common modifiers of genetic risk (‘GenComp’). We examined how IR on the one hand and genetic risk on the other contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Methods: We studied 846 individuals: 49

It has been shown that Bernal stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) in a uniform magnetic field demonstrates integer quantum Hall effect with a zero Landau-level anomaly (Novoselov et al., 2006). In this article we consider such system in a two dimensional periodic magnetic modulation with square lattice symmetry. It is shown algebraically that the resulting Hofstadter spectrum can be expressed in terms

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, but it is unclear how risks vary by histological activity. Methods: We performed a nationwide study of Swedish women diagnosed with IBD 1990–2016 and a pre-pregnancy (

Air pollution poses a threat to human health, with pregnant women and their developing fetuses being particularly vulnerable. A high dual burden of ambient and indoor air pollution exposure has been identified in Ethiopia, but studies investigating their effects on adverse birth outcomes are currently lacking. This study explores the association between ambient air pollution (NOX and NO2) and indo

Objectives: To explore communication and engagement in everyday situations between persons with young-onset dementia (YOD) living in a nursing home (NH) and the caregivers. Methods: The study draws on ethnographic methods aligned with participatory design. Three residents with YOD living in a NH and eight staff members were recruited. A narrative approach was used for data collection and analysis.