The endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist anandamide is a powerful vasodilator of isolated vascular preparations, but its mechanism of action is unclear. Here we show that the vasodilator response to anandamide in isolated arteries is capsaicin-sensitive and accompanied by release of calcitonin- gene-related peptide (CGRP). The selective CGRP-receptor antagonist 8-37 CGRP (ref. 5), but not the c

1. In rat isolated hepatic arteries contracted with phenylephrine, acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187 each elicit endothelium-dependent relaxations, which involve both nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). However, the contribution of prostanoids to these responses, and the potential interaction between EDHF and other endothelium-derived relaxing fact

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In the guinea pig basilar artery, acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187 induced endothelium-dependent relaxations, which were not significantly affected by the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N(ω)- nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG; 0.3 mM) or the guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one; 1-10 μM), or by these inhibitors combined. However, acetylcholine (

1. The effects of anandamide on K+ currents and membrane potential have been examined in freshly-isolated smooth muscle cells from rat hepatic artery and the results compared with the effects of this arachidonic acid derivative on tension and membrane potential changes in segments of whole artery. 2. In the presence of 0.3 mM L-NOARG and 10 μM indomethacin, anandamide (0.1-100 μM) and endothelium-

1. In the rat hepatic artery, the acetylcholine-induced relaxation mediated by endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) is abolished by a combination of apamin and charybdotoxin, inhibitors of small (SK(Ca)) and large (BK(Ca)) conductance calcium-sensitive potassium (K)-channels, respectively, but not by each toxin alone. The selective BK(Ca) inhibitor iberiotoxin cannot replace charybdot

1. In the presence of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG, 0.3 mM) and indomethacin (10 μM), the relaxations induced by acetylcholine and the calcium (Ca) ionophore A23187 are considered to be mediated by endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in the guinea-pig basilar artery. 2. Inhibitors of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K)-channels (K(ATP); glibenclamide, 10 μM), vo

1. The possibility that the endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF) in the rat hepatic artery is a cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid was examined in the present study. In this preparation, acetylcholine elicits EDHF-mediated relaxations in the presence of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) and indometh

1. In the presence of indomethacin (IM, 10 μM) and N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG, 0.3 mM), acetylcholine (ACh) induces an endothelium-dependent smooth muscle hyperpolarization and relaxation in the rat isolated hepatic artery. The potassium (K) channel inhibitors, tetrabutylammonium (TBA, 1 mM) and to a lesser extent 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 1 mM) inhibited the L-NOARG/IM-resistant relaxation induc

1. The effects of the cytochrome P450 inhibitors, proadifen, clotrimazole and 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA) on K-currents in freshly-isolated single cells derived from rat portal vein and on mechanical activity in whole veins were studied. 2. When cells were stepped from -90 mV to a series of test potentials (from -80 to +50 mV), a delayed rectifier current (I(K(V))) and an A-type current ((IK(A)

Electrical field stimulation (EFS) of the rabbit urethral lamina propria elicited a frequency‐dependent non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic (NANC) relaxation, which was abolished by NΩ–nitro‐L‐arginine (l‐NOARG). Ω‐Conotoxin GVIA, a selective blocker of N‐type voltage‐operated calcium channels (VOCCs), and Ω‐conotoxin MVIIC (blocker of N‐ and Q‐type VOCCs) inhibited the NANC relaxation, and the inhibi

Relaxant effects of acetylcholine (ACh), histamine, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and the calcium ionophore A23187 were examined in rat femoral (Ø ≅ 0.2 mm), mesenteric (0.2 mm), intrarenal (0.2 mm) and hepatic (0.3 mm) arteries, and aorta (2 mm). Acetylcholine elicited an endothelium‐dependent relaxation in all arteries. Histamine induced an endothelium‐dependent relaxation in aorta, and

Nitric oxide (NO)‐independent pathways contributing to acetylcholine (ACh)‐induced relaxation were examined in the rat isolated hepatic artery and aorta at low and high levels of precontraction induced by phenylephrine (PhE). In the hepatic artery, the ACh‐induced relaxation was unaffected by the NO synthase inhibitors Nw‐nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NOARG, 0.3 mM) and Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (0.1

In the 19th and early 20th centuries there were numerous non-proprietors paupers in the Swedish countryside such as crofters, boarders and inhabitants of rural slums. With a change in the heritage legislation, increased possibilities to archaeologically investigate the non-proprietors of the recent past have emerged, but the archaeological material is still both scarce and of a repetitive characteIn the 19th and early 20th centuries there were numerous non proprietor, poor and pauper people in the Swedish countryside such as crofters, boarders and inhabitants of rural slums. With a change in the heritage legislation, increased possibilities to archaeologically investigate the non proprietors of the recent past has emerged, however the archaeological material is still both scarce and of a r

En plattityd; samhället är delat. Lite mera nyanserat; det verkar finnas en tendens till att strukturera den mänskliga samvarons former. Individer, liksom aktiviteter, separeras i olika kategorier vilka rangordnas mer eller mindre relevant för samhällets fungerande. Dessa processer sker utan att någon av de inblandade har något intresse i en sådan strukturering. Det kan till och med vara s

The Swedish well fare state is a young phenomenon. In the 19th and early 20th centuries there were numerous non proprietor, poor and pauper people in the Swedish countryside such as crofters, boarders and inhabitants of rural slums. Being poor also meant being more exposed to risks than more resourceful persons, and having fragile safety nets. This paper is about these poor and pauper persons of tIn the 19th and early 20th centuries there were numerous non-proprietors and paupers in the Swedish countryside, such as crofters, boarders and inhabitants of rural slums. Multisource methods such as triangulation of written documents, historical maps and archaeological evidence are used to study the living conditions, vulnerability and marginalization of boarders and inhabitants of rural slums fr